Civil Engineering Materials, Testing & Evaluation - Vol 1 | 9. Mixing of Concrete by Abraham | Learn Smarter
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Knowledge
9. Mixing of Concrete

Fresh concrete is a crucial stage in construction that involves several key processes including mixing, transporting, placing, compacting, and finishing. Each step is important to ensure the durability and strength of the final structure. Factors such as workability, segregation, and the use of admixtures can significantly affect the quality of concrete. Environmental conditions must also be considered during the concreting process to prevent complications.

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Sections

  • 1

    Mixing Of Concrete

    Mixing of concrete is crucial for ensuring uniform distribution of materials and effective hydration before setting.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.1

    Objectives Of Mixing

    This section outlines the primary objectives of mixing concrete, emphasizing uniformity and proper hydration.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2

    Types Of Mixing

    This section discusses the various types of concrete mixing methods, specifically hand mixing and machine mixing, highlighting their applications and advantages.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.3

    Duration Of Mixing

    This section discusses the optimal duration of concrete mixing and the implications of over-mixing.

    Learning Practice

  • 2

    Transporting Of Concrete

    Transporting concrete involves methods to move the fresh mix from the mixing site to the placement area, ensuring integrity and workability.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.1

    Considerations

    The section addresses the essential considerations required during the transporting of fresh concrete to ensure quality and prevent issues like segregation.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.2

    Methods Of Transporting

    This section outlines various methods of transporting fresh concrete, emphasizing the importance of maintaining its integrity during transport.

    Learning Practice

  • 3

    Placing Of Concrete

    This section focuses on the importance of the proper placing of concrete to ensure structural quality, including guidelines and various methods for efficient placement.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.1

    Basic Guidelines

    This section outlines the essential guidelines for placing concrete to prevent issues such as segregation and cold joints.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.2

    Methods Of Placing

    This section details various methods of placing freshly mixed concrete to ensure proper application and avoid issues like segregation.

    Learning Practice

  • 4

    Compaction Of Concrete

    Compaction of concrete is essential for removing air and ensuring the strength and durability of the mix.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.1

    Objectives

    The objectives of mixing concrete are to ensure an even distribution of ingredients, promote hydration, and maintain quality throughout the concreting process.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2

    Methods Of Compaction

    This section covers the various methods of compacting fresh concrete to enhance its strength and durability.

    Learning Practice

  • 5

    Finishing Of Concrete

    The finishing of concrete is essential for achieving the desired surface texture, aesthetics, and functionality of concrete structures.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.1

    Purpose

    The purpose of finishing concrete is to achieve the desired surface texture, functionality, and prepare it for further treatments.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2

    Finishing Operations

    Finishing operations in concrete work are aimed at achieving the desired surface texture, aesthetics, and functionality.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.3

    Timing Of Finishing

    The timing of finishing concrete is crucial to ensure proper setting and avoid disturbing the process.

    Learning Practice

  • 6

    Precautions During Concreting

    This section outlines essential precautions to take during the concreting process to ensure proper setting, durability, and quality of fresh concrete.

    Learning Practice

  • 7

    Testing Of Fresh Concrete (Related)

    This section discusses the various tests for fresh concrete that ensure its workability and performance during construction.

    Learning Practice

  • 8

    Workability Of Fresh Concrete

    Workability of fresh concrete refers to how easily it can be mixed, transported, placed, compacted, and finished without segregation.

    Learning Practice

  • 8.1

    Definition

    Workability defines fresh concrete's ease of mixing, transporting, placing, compacting, and finishing.

    Learning Practice

  • 8.2

    Factors Affecting Workability

    This section outlines the various factors that influence the workability of fresh concrete, emphasizing the balance between workability and strength.

    Learning Practice

  • 8.3

    Measurement Of Workability

    Workability of fresh concrete is crucial for its handling and application, and it is measured using various tests.

    Learning Practice

  • 9

    Segregation And Bleeding In Fresh Concrete

    This section discusses segregation and bleeding in fresh concrete, including their causes, effects, and prevention methods.

    Learning Practice

  • 9.1

    Segregation

    Segregation is the separation of coarse aggregates from the cement paste in concrete, leading to quality issues.

    Learning Practice

  • 9.2

    Bleeding

    Bleeding in fresh concrete refers to the upward movement of water caused by the settlement of heavier particles, which can lead to serious structural issues.

    Learning Practice

  • 10

    Retempering Of Concrete

    Retempering is the process of adding water to partially set concrete to regain workability, but it can adversely affect the final strength and quality of the concrete.

    Learning Practice

  • 11

    Use Of Admixtures In Fresh Concrete

    Admixtures are materials added to concrete during mixing to modify its properties, enhancing workability, durability, and strength.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.1

    Types Of Admixtures Relevant To Fresh Concrete

    This section discusses various types of admixtures that can be added to fresh concrete to enhance its properties.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.2

    Dosage And Mixing

    This section focuses on the importance of correct dosage and uniform mixing for concrete admixtures, emphasizing that these practices ensure consistent performance and quality in fresh concrete.

    Learning Practice

  • 12

    Environmental Considerations During Concreting

    Environmental considerations are crucial during concreting to avoid issues from extreme weather conditions.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.1

    Hot Weather Concreting

    Hot weather concreting involves specific practices to combat accelerated setting and moisture loss in concrete due to high temperatures.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.2

    Cold Weather Concreting

    Cold weather concreting focuses on the issues and precautions necessary to ensure proper curing and strength gain of concrete in low temperatures.

    Learning Practice

  • 13

    Formwork Considerations Related To Fresh Concrete

    This section discusses critical considerations for formwork in relation to fresh concrete, focusing on pressure exerted and quality requirements.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.1

    Pressure Exerted By Fresh Concrete

    This section describes how fresh concrete behaves like a fluid, exerting lateral pressure, particularly at the base, influenced by various factors such as rate of placement, height, and temperature.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.2

    Formwork Quality

    The quality of formwork is crucial in construction as it must withstand the pressure exerted by fresh concrete and prevent water absorption, which could compromise workability.

    Learning Practice

References

Chapter_9_Fresh.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Fresh concrete must be hand...
  • Different methods of mixing...
  • Compacting and finishing ar...

Final Test

Revision Tests