And this is where how the tools; the digital tools are also conditioning your thinking and your understanding process and also your design ability as well.

Now, the one of the useful tools which have come up with the geographic spatial information technology; the GIS tools where you can see from one of my students work of the hazard landslip because the satellite imagery plays an important role but now to what extent, we have to include that satellite imagery at B Arch level or we plan because they deal with much more of a larger scale projects of city planning or the regional planning, for them GIS is already within the subject, in the curriculum.

Also, the GIS is one of the useful tool but one has to know that what scale you have to apply and what scale the macro-level scale to the micro-level scale, how one can understand, the moment it goes to your site-level how this information would be useful, I think that is where the gap comes in between.

So that has given, which is very indigenous but one has to learn that skill. Also, when I was a student in Oxford, my faculty have taken us to the centre for alternative technologies to test various technologies, the local technologies you know how we can make it work so, this is all the hands-on training which will remain in the students mind forever.

Also, when I was doing my research, I used to engage some of the B. Arch students along with me, I should take them to the villages and they used to interact with the villagers, they used to interact with various council development activities and you know, the lot of discussions, living with the villagers and knowing their difficulties and that has really opened a third eye for them.

And similarly, some of the things what I also developed is; we have so much of information to read but how much to read and how to synthesize, it is a very important aspect, unfortunately, for each course there is a lack of reading materials for DRR and build back better and this is a very great need that we need to develop by topic by topic.

So, here for B plan students in SPA, Bhopal, what we did was we given them a task of a disaster context whether it was a village, under the dam and a flooded area and then we given them, make them into small groups and then we made into like community, engineers, planner, architect, NGO, district collectors, so there is a decision-making, there is a user group, there is a provider group, there is a technical group.

And then I asked them to read and analyse and make a critical review of their understanding, so then what I do is; I try to first this is a build back better and I leave this as an empty part first, I do not fill this so, this is the skeleton I give them.

And then we ask them a big poster, in that process, what happens is the people who do not just study their chapter and forget it, they will summarize it, they will portray it and it becomes a memory for them.

So, and more importantly, I try to cover different geographical positions like Kenya, Pakistan, Australia or Turkey, China you know, the variety of geography conditions Lima, Peru, so how they have adopted, how they have faced, what kind of tools they have used, what are the successful things, what is not.

So, this is how I was trying to develop various methods and obviously, these are all my trial and error process, I am also learning...