ICSE Class 11 Chemistry | 12. Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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12. Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles

Organic chemistry focuses on carbon compounds, particularly those containing carbon and hydrogen. The unique properties of carbon enable the formation of various organic compounds, which can be classified into hydrocarbons, functional groups, and homologous series. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the importance of organic chemistry in everyday applications, including fuels, medicines, and plastics.

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Sections

  • 12

    Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles

    This section introduces the fundamentals of organic chemistry, focusing on carbon compounds and their unique properties.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.1

    Introduction To Organic Chemistry

    Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds, with significant emphasis on hydrocarbons and their various properties.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.2

    Unique Nature Of Carbon

    Carbon's exceptional properties allow it to form a vast array of organic compounds, making it central to organic chemistry.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.3

    Types Of Carbon Compounds

    This section discusses the various types of carbon compounds, including hydrocarbons categorized as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes based on their bonding structure.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.3.1

    Hydrocarbons

    Hydrocarbons are organic compounds exclusively made of carbon and hydrogen atoms, existing in several forms including alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.3.1.1

    Alkanes

    Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms connected through single bonds, with fundamental concepts tied to their structure and properties.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.3.1.2

    Alkenes

    Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms, making them unsaturated compounds.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.3.1.3

    Alkynes

    Alkynes are hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of at least one triple bond between carbon atoms.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.3.2

    Saturated Compounds

    Saturated compounds, primarily represented by alkanes, are hydrocarbons that consist only of single bonds between carbon atoms.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.3.3

    Unsaturated Compounds

    Unsaturated compounds contain one or more double or triple bonds, distinguishing them from saturated compounds, which only have single bonds.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.4

    Functional Groups

    Functional groups are specific groups of atoms that determine the characteristic properties of organic compounds.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.5

    Homologous Series

    Homologous series are groups of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties, differing by a -CH₂- unit.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.6

    General Formula And Naming Of Hydrocarbons

    This section covers the general formulas for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, along with the systematic naming of hydrocarbons using IUPAC nomenclature.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.7

    Properties And Reactions Of Organic Compounds

    This section explores key properties and reactions of organic compounds, including combustion, substitution, addition, and oxidation reactions.

    Learning Practice

  • 12.8

    Importance Of Organic Chemistry

    Organic chemistry is crucial in daily life, impacting everything from fuels to medicines.

    Learning Practice

References

c11-12.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Organic chemistry is primar...
  • Carbon's tetravalency and a...
  • Functional groups impart sp...

Final Test

Revision Tests