5. Gandhian Nationalism (1916–1922)
Mahatma Gandhi emerged as a significant leader in the Indian nationalist movement from 1916 to 1922, introducing non-violent resistance to combat colonial rule. Key movements, including Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha, exemplified his strategies, while the Non-Cooperation Movement marked an era of mass political engagement against British oppression. The chapter highlights Gandhi's pivotal role in fostering communal unity and ethical leadership in the struggle for independence.
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What we have learnt
- Mahatma Gandhi introduced non-violent resistance as a strategy against colonial rule.
- Key movements during this period include Champaran Satyagraha, Kheda Satyagraha, and the Non-Cooperation Movement.
- The Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre galvanized national sentiments against British rule.
Key Concepts
- -- NonViolence
- A philosophy advocating for peaceful resistance as a means to achieve political and social goals, championed by Mahatma Gandhi.
- -- Champaran Satyagraha
- A campaign led by Gandhi in 1917 in Champaran, Bihar, where peasants protested against oppressive indigo plantation systems.
- -- Kheda Satyagraha
- A movement in 1918 led by Gandhi to support farmers in Kheda, Gujarat, demanding relief from land revenue during hardships.
- -- NonCooperation Movement
- A nationwide protest initiated by Gandhi from 1920 to 1922, aimed at boycotting British goods and institutions.
- -- Lucknow Pact
- An agreement reached in 1916 between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League to work together for self-rule.
- -- Rowlatt Act
- A repressive legislation passed in 1919 that limited civil rights and led to widespread protests in India.
- -- Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- A tragic event in 1919 where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed civilians in Amritsar, escalating anti-colonial sentiments.
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