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14. WAVES

This chapter discusses the properties and behavior of waves, including their types, propagation, and mathematical descriptions. Emphasis is placed on mechanical waves, both transverse and longitudinal, as well as the principles of superposition and reflection. The chapter concludes with applications of wave phenomena, such as standing waves, beats, and sound propagation in different media.

Sections

  • 14

    Waves

    This section introduces the concept of waves, their types, properties, and the significance of wave motion.

    Learning Practice

  • 14.1

    Introduction

    This section introduces the concept of waves, explaining how they propagate through mediums without the actual movement of the medium itself.

    Learning Practice

  • 14.2

    Transverse And Longitudinal Waves

    This section explains the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves, discussing how constituents of a medium oscillate during wave propagation.

    Learning Practice

  • 14.3

    Displacement Relation In A Progressive Wave

    This section introduces the mathematical representation of a progressive wave's displacement, explaining how it varies with position and time.

    Learning Practice

  • 14.3.1

    Amplitude And Phase

    This section discusses the concepts of amplitude and phase in sinusoidal travelling waves.

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  • 14.3.2

    Wavelength And Angular Wave Number

    This section covers the definitions and relationships of wavelength and angular wave number in progressive waves.

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  • 14.3.3

    Period, Angular Frequency And Frequency

    This section discusses the concepts of period, angular frequency, and frequency in waves, providing essential relationships between these parameters.

    Learning Practice

  • 14.4

    The Speed Of A Travelling Wave

    This section discusses how the speed of traveling waves is determined in various media based on their properties.

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  • 14.4.1

    Speed Of A Transverse Wave On Stretched String

    This section outlines the relationship between the speed of a transverse wave on a stretched string and its tension and mass density.

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  • 14.4.2

    Speed Of A Longitudinal Wave (Speed Of Sound)

    This section discusses the speed of longitudinal waves, particularly the speed of sound, highlighting how different properties of the medium affect this speed.

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  • 14.5

    The Principle Of Superposition Of Waves

    The principle of superposition states that when two or more waves overlap, the resultant displacement is the algebraic sum of the individual displacements.

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  • 14.6

    Reflection Of Waves

    This section discusses the reflection of waves at boundaries, outlining the behavior of waves when they encounter rigid and non-rigid boundaries.

    Learning Practice

  • 14.6.1

    Standing Waves And Normal Modes

    This section explores the formation of standing waves through reflection and the significance of normal modes in fixed strings and air columns.

    Learning Practice

  • 14.7

    Beats

    Beats are sound intensity variations resulting from the interference of two sound waves with slightly different frequencies.

    Learning Practice

  • 14.8

    Summary

    This section summarizes the key concepts of waves, including types, properties, and behaviors.

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  • 14.9

    Points To Ponder

    This section highlights key insights about wave phenomena, emphasizing that waves transport energy without moving matter, and discusses the distinctions between wave types.

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  • 14.10

    Exercises

    This section contains various exercises aimed at reinforcing the concepts learned in the chapter on waves.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Mechanical waves can exist ...
  • Transverse waves involve os...
  • The principle of superposit...

Final Test

Revision Tests

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