8. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
The chapter delves into the mechanical properties of solids, focusing on the concepts of stress and strain, Hooke's law, and the various moduli of elasticity. It explores how materials respond to forces through deformation and the principles guiding their applications in engineering design. Additionally, critical concepts such as the stress-strain curve and the limits of elastic behavior are emphasized, providing a comprehensive understanding of how materials react under loading conditions.
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What we have learnt
- Stress is the restoring force per unit area and strain is the fractional change in dimensions.
- Hooke's law states that stress is directly proportional to strain within the elastic limit.
- Three principal moduli of elasticity—Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus—describe the elastic behavior of materials.
Key Concepts
- -- Stress
- The restoring force per unit area experienced by a material when a deforming force is applied.
- -- Strain
- The fractional change in dimension of a material in response to stress.
- -- Hooke's Law
- A principle stating that, within the elastic limit, stress is proportional to strain for many materials.
- -- Young's Modulus
- The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain, indicative of a material's elasticity.
- -- Shear Modulus
- The ratio of shear stress to the corresponding shear strain, representing a material's response to shear forces.
- -- Bulk Modulus
- The ratio of hydraulic stress to the corresponding hydraulic strain, measuring a material's response to uniform pressure.
- -- Poisson's Ratio
- The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain in a stretched material, describing how dimensions change under stress.
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