9. GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
Environmental pollution is primarily caused by human activities that release harmful substances into various ecosystems. Key types of pollution include air, water, land, and noise pollution, each with specific sources and consequences on health and the environment. Urban areas significantly contribute to these issues through waste disposal challenges and the growth of slums, while efforts for ecological restoration and public awareness are crucial for mitigation.
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What we have learnt
- Pollution can be classified into air, water, land, and noise pollution based on the medium of its impact.
- Major sources of water pollution include industrial effluents, sewage disposal, and agricultural runoff.
- Urban waste management is critical for health and environmental sustainability, particularly in crowded metropolitan areas.
Key Concepts
- -- Air Pollution
- The addition of contaminants to the air that can harm living organisms and property, primarily caused by industrial emissions and combustion of fossil fuels.
- -- Water Pollution
- Degradation of water quality due to harmful substances, making it unfit for consumption and leading to health hazards.
- -- Land Degradation
- The decline in the productive capacity of land caused by natural and human-made factors such as erosion, salinisation, and improper agricultural practices.
- -- Urban Waste Disposal
- The management and disposal of waste in urban areas, which poses significant health risks and environmental challenges.
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