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3. Land Resources and Agriculture

The chapter discusses the various uses of land resources in India, detailing the categorization of land and its implications for agriculture and economic development. It highlights the changes in land use over decades, driven by economic activities and population growth, and emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices to mitigate environmental degradation. Through examining specific crops and farming practices, the chapter illustrates the complexities of agricultural productivity and the challenges faced by Indian farmers.

Sections

  • 3

    Land Resources And Agriculture <A Href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6h0jnq2moy" Target="_blank"><Img Src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/v6h0jnq2moy/0.jpg" Alt="class 12 Geography | Ch-4 Human Settlements-2 | India People & Economy | '3 R's Education'" Style="width:300px;"/></a> Class 12 Geography | Ch-4 Human Settlements-2 | India People & Economy | '3 R's Education'

    This section outlines various land use categories in India and their significance for agriculture and the economy.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.1

    Land-Use Categories

    This section outlines the different categories of land use and their significance in resource management in India.

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  • 3.2

    Land-Use Changes In India

    This section analyzes the various land-use categories in India and highlights the significant changes from 1950 to 2015.

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  • 3.3

    Common Property Resources

    This section discusses the categorization of land use in India and the implications of common property resources (CPRs) for the rural economy.

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  • 3.4

    Agricultural Land Use In India

    This section discusses the diverse uses of agricultural land in India, the categories of land use, and the trends in land utilization over decades.

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  • 3.4.1

    Cropping Seasons In India

    India has three main cropping seasons: kharif, rabi, and zaid, each associated with different climatic conditions and crop types.

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  • 3.4.2

    Types Of Farming

    The section explains the different types of farming, focusing on irrigation, rainfall dependency, and various farming techniques adapted to India's geographical conditions.

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  • 3.4.2.1

    Foodgrains

    Foodgrains are essential to the Indian agricultural economy, covering two-thirds of the total cropped area and classified into cereals and pulses.

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  • 3.4.2.2

    Oilseeds

    This section details the cultivation, regions, and significance of various oilseeds, emphasizing their role in India's agricultural economy.

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  • 3.4.2.3

    Fibre Crops

    This section covers the main fibre crops in India, specifically cotton and jute, highlighting their cultivation practices and economic significance.

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  • 3.4.2.4

    Other Crops

    The section focuses on the various types of crops cultivated in India, including their significance in the agricultural landscape.

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  • 3.5

    Agricultural Development In India

    This section explores the various dimensions of land use in agriculture in India, highlighting the types of land resources, land-use changes, and challenges faced by the agricultural sector.

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  • 3.5.1

    Growth Of Agricultural Output And Technology

    This section discusses the significant increase in agricultural output and the improvements in agricultural technology in India over the past 50 years.

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  • 3.6

    Problems Of Indian Agriculture

    This section addresses the various problems facing Indian agriculture, including low productivity, financial constraints, land tenure issues, underemployment, and degradation of land resources.

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  • 3.6.1

    Dependence On Erratic Monsoon

    This section discusses the significant increase in agricultural output and the improvements in agricultural technology in India over the past 50 years.

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  • 3.6.2

    Low Productivity

    This section discusses the factors contributing to low agricultural productivity in India, emphasizing issues like small farm sizes, lack of commercialization, and resource constraints.

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  • 3.6.3

    Constraints Of Financial Resources And Indebtedness

    The section explores the financial constraints that small farmers face in India, leading to their dependence on credit and resulting in indebtedness.

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  • 3.6.4

    Lack Of Land Reforms

    The lack of effective land reforms in India has resulted in an exploitative agricultural system with unequal land distribution, adversely affecting productivity and development.

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  • 3.6.5

    Small Farm Size And Fragmentation Of Landholdings

    This section explores the issues of small farm sizes and the fragmentation of landholdings in India, emphasizing its impact on agricultural productivity.

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  • 3.6.6

    Lack Of Commercialisation

    The section discusses the inadequate commercialisation in Indian agriculture, noting that many farmers lack resources to produce beyond subsistence levels.

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  • 3.6.7

    Vast Underemployment

    This section discusses the significant issue of underemployment in India's agricultural sector, particularly in unirrigated regions.

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  • 3.6.8

    Degradation Of Cultivable Land

    The degradation of cultivable land is a significant concern arising from poor agricultural practices, leading to loss of soil fertility and serious implications for food security.

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  • 3.7

    Exercises

    This section explores land-use categories and how they evolve over time in India, detailing their definitions, trends, and implications for agriculture.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Land is utilized for multip...
  • Changes in land use categor...
  • Sustainable agricultural pr...

Final Test

Revision Tests

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