26.11. Effects of Local Geology and Topography

Try these first

1. 1.

   What happens to Rayleigh waves in a sedimentary basin?

   Hint

   Think about how waves behave in a pond.

2. 2.

   Name one way topography can affect seismic waves.

   Hint

   Consider places that are high.

3. 3.

   What phenomenon occurs when Rayleigh waves are trapped in a basin?

   • Increased frequency
   • Prolonged shaking and higher amplitude
   • Lower amplitude

   Hint

   Think about how echoes work in a physical space.

4. 4.

   True or False: Topographic features always reduce the effects of seismic waves.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider the definition of amplification.

5. 5.

   Analyze how structural engineers could mitigate the effects of topographic amplification in an earthquake-prone area.

   Hint

   Think about architectural responses to environmental challenges.

6. 6.

   Critique the potential impact of a fault line running under a tightly populated urban area, considering local geology and topography.

   Hint

   Reflect on urban planning risks.