Module 3: Chemical Bonding & Structure
The chapter explores the intricacies of chemical bonding, detailing the various types of bonds such as ionic, covalent, and metallic, as well as their characteristic properties. It also introduces advanced concepts like hybridization and molecular orbital theory, providing insights into molecular geometry and polarity. This comprehensive study of bonding models reveals the fundamental principles governing the stability and behavior of chemical compounds.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Chemical bonds are the forces that hold atoms together in compounds, influenced by electron configurations and electronegativity differences.
- Ionic bonds result from the transfer of electrons from metals to non-metals, leading to the formation of charged ions held together in a crystal lattice.
- Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between non-metals, leading to the formation of discrete molecules and varying properties depending on molecular structure.
Key Concepts
- -- Ionic Bonding
- A type of chemical bond formed through the complete transfer of one or more electrons from a metal to a non-metal, resulting in the formation of charged ions that are electrostatically attracted to each other.
- -- Covalent Bonding
- A type of bond between two non-metals characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons, leading to stable, discrete molecular structures.
- -- Hybridization
- The mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that are used to describe bonding in certain molecular geometries, explained by the VSEPR theory.
- -- Molecular Orbital Theory
- A more advanced bonding model that describes the formation of molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals, allowing for a better understanding of molecule stability and magnetic properties.
- -- Delocalization
- The phenomenon where electron density is spread out over several atoms rather than localized between two specific atoms, which leads to increased stability in certain molecules.
Additional Learning Materials
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