Chapter 10: Organic Chemistry II (Reactions & Mechanisms)
Organic reactions, essential to organic chemistry, describe transformations of organic compounds through bond formation and breaking. A focus on reaction types and mechanisms allows for the prediction of outcomes and design of synthetic pathways. This chapter elaborates on various addition, substitution, and elimination reactions, along with advancements in oxidation and reduction concepts, aligned with the requirements of IB Diploma Chemistry.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Organic reactions transform compounds through the breaking and forming of covalent bonds.
- Addition reactions are characteristic of unsaturated compounds like alkenes and alkynes, leading to saturated products.
- Substitution reactions involve the replacement of an atom or group within a molecule, common in saturated compounds.
Key Concepts
- -- Addition Reactions
- Reactions where atoms or groups are added across multiple bonds in unsaturated compounds, converting them into saturated compounds.
- -- Substitution Reactions
- Reactions where one atom or group in a molecule is replaced by another, typical in saturated compounds.
- -- Oxidation and Reduction
- In organic chemistry, oxidation refers to the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen, while reduction is the gain of hydrogen or loss of oxygen.
- -- Mechanism
- The detailed paths or steps taken during a chemical reaction, highlighting electron movement and intermediate formation.
Additional Learning Materials
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