IB 12 Chemistry | Chapter 6: Equilibrium by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Chapter 6: Equilibrium

Chapter 6: Equilibrium

Dynamic equilibrium describes a state where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products. Le Chatelier's Principle explains how a system at equilibrium reacts to changes in concentration, pressure, and temperature, shifting to maintain balance. Understanding the equilibrium constant (K) allows for predicting the extent of reactions and involves calculations related to both concentrations and partial pressures. The relationship between Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and K further links thermodynamics to chemical equilibria.

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  1. 6

    Equilibrium involves dynamic reactions that can go forward and backward,...

  2. 6.1
    Dynamic Equilibrium And Le Chatelier's Principle

    This section covers the concepts of dynamic equilibrium and Le Chatelier's...

  3. 6.1.1
    Key Characteristics Of Dynamic Equilibrium

    Dynamic equilibrium refers to the state where the rates of forward and...

  4. 6.1.2
    Le Chatelier's Principle

    Le Chatelier's Principle describes how a system at equilibrium responds to...

  5. 6.1.2.1
    Effect Of Concentration Changes

    This section outlines how changes in concentration affect dynamic...

  6. 6.1.2.2
    Effect Of Pressure Changes (For Reactions Involving Gases)

    This section describes how changes in pressure impact the position of...

  7. 6.1.2.3
    Effect Of Temperature Changes

    Temperature changes significantly affect both the position of chemical...

  8. 6.1.2.4
    Effect Of A Catalyst

    A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction without altering the...

  9. 6.2
    Equilibrium Constant (Kc And Kp)

    This section discusses the equilibrium constants Kc and Kp, which...

  10. 6.2.1
    Important Considerations For Kc

    This section discusses key factors affecting the equilibrium constant (Kc)...

  11. 6.2.2
    Equilibrium Constant In Terms Of Partial Pressures (Kp)

    The equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressures (Kp) is a crucial...

  12. 6.2.3
    Relationship Between Kc And Kp

    This section explains the relationship between the equilibrium constants Kc...

  13. 6.3
    Calculations Involving Equilibrium Constants

    This section focuses on how to calculate equilibrium constants (K) from...

  14. 6.3.1
    Scenario 1: Calculating The Value Of K From Equilibrium Concentrations/partial Pressures

    This section covers the calculation of the equilibrium constant (K) based on...

  15. 6.3.2
    Scenario 2: Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations/partial Pressures From Initial Conditions And K (Ice Tables)

    This section discusses how to calculate equilibrium concentrations or...

  16. 6.3.2.1
    Approximation Method

    The Approximation Method simplifies equilibrium calculations for reactions...

  17. 6.4
    Hl: Relationship Between Δg And K

    This section discusses the relationship between the Gibbs free energy change...

  18. 6.4.1
    Standard Gibbs Free Energy Change (Ī”g°)

    This section explains the relationship between Gibbs free energy change...

  19. 6.4.2
    The Fundamental Relationship

    This section discusses the relationship between standard Gibbs free energy...

  20. 6.4.3
    Understanding The Relationship

    This section explores the crucial link between Gibbs free energy change (ΔG)...

  21. 6.4.4
    Temperature Dependence Of K

    This section discusses how the equilibrium constant (K) for a chemical...

  22. 6.4.5
    Calculating K From Ī”g° Or Vice Versa

    This section explains the relationship between Gibbs free energy change...

What we have learnt

  • The characteristics and significance of dynamic equilibrium in reversible reactions.
  • How Le Chatelier's Principle predicts the shifts in equilibrium position due to changes in conditions.
  • The definition and implications of the equilibrium constant (K) in determining the extent of reaction.

Key Concepts

-- Dynamic Equilibrium
A state in which the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.
-- Le Chatelier's Principle
A principle that states that if the conditions of a system at equilibrium are changed, the system will adjust to counteract the change and establish a new equilibrium.
-- Equilibrium Constant (K)
A ratio that expresses the concentrations or partial pressures of products to those of reactants at equilibrium, providing a measure of the extent of the reaction.

Additional Learning Materials

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