IB 12 Chemistry | Chapter 8: Acids and Base by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Chapter 8: Acids and Base

Chapter 8: Acids and Base

The chapter explores the definitions, strengths, and quantitative measures of acids and bases, including their roles in chemical processes and biological systems. It introduces the Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis theories, explains the behavior of strong and weak acids and bases, and highlights the significance of buffer solutions. Additionally, the chapter covers titrations and calculates the dynamics involved in polyprotic acids.

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  1. 7
    Acids And Bases

    This section provides an overview of acids and bases, covering their...

  2. 7.1
    Defining Acids And Bases: Brønsted-Lowry And Lewis Theories

    This section discusses the definitions of acids and bases according to...

  3. 7.1.1
    The Brønsted-Lowry Theory

    The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton...

  4. 7.1.2
    The Lewis Theory

    The Lewis theory expands the definition of acids and bases beyond proton...

  5. 7.2
    Strength Of Acids And Bases: Strong Vs. Weak

    This section explains the key differences between strong and weak acids and...

  6. 7.2.1
    Strong Acids

    Strong acids are substances that completely dissociate in aqueous solution,...

  7. 7.2.2

    Weak acids are defined as acids that partially dissociate in solution, with...

  8. 7.2.3
    Strong Bases

    Strong bases are substances that fully dissociate in aqueous solutions to...

  9. 7.2.4

    Weak bases partially dissociate in aqueous solutions, producing hydroxide...

  10. 7.2.5
    Relationship Between Ka , Kb , And Kw For Conjugate Pairs

    The relationship between the acid dissociation constant (Ka), base...

  11. 7.3
    Quantitative Measures: Ph, Poh, And K_w

    This section covers the quantitative measures of acidity and alkalinity,...

  12. 7.3.1
    The Ion Product Of Water (K_w)

    This section explores the ion product of water, K_w, and its significance in...

  13. 7.3.2
    The Ph Scale

    The pH scale is a logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration,...

  14. 7.3.3
    The Poh Scale

    The pOH scale is a measure of hydroxide ion concentration in a solution,...

  15. 7.3.4
    Relationship Between Ph, Poh, And K_w

    This section focuses on the quantitative measures of acidity and basicity,...

  16. 7.3.5
    Calculations Involving Ph

    This section explores calculations related to pH, focusing on strong and...

  17. 7.4
    Buffer Solutions: Resisting Ph Change

    Buffer solutions are crucial systems that resist changes in pH when small...

  18. 7.4.1
    Composition Of Buffer Solutions

    Buffer solutions are crucial in maintaining a stable pH, composed of a weak...

  19. 7.4.2
    How Buffers Work

    Buffer solutions resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are...

  20. 7.4.3
    Buffer Capacity

    Buffer capacity refers to the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes...

  21. 7.4.4
    Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

    The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation provides a method to calculate the pH of...

  22. 7.5
    Hl: Acid-Base Titration Curves And Indicators

    Titration curves visually represent the change in pH during the titration...

  23. 7.5.1
    Key Features Of A Titration Curve

    Titration curves visually represent the change in pH as a titrant is added...

  24. 7.5.2
    Acid-Base Indicators

    Acid-base indicators are substances that exhibit different colors in their...

  25. 7.5.3
    Choosing The Right Indicator

    This section explains how to select appropriate acid-base indicators based...

  26. 7.6
    Hl: Calculations Involving Polyprotic Acids

    This section explains polyprotic acids, emphasizing their ability to donate...

  27. 7.6.1
    Key Characteristics Of Polyprotic Acid Dissociation

    This section outlines the key characteristics of polyprotic acids, including...

  28. 7.6.2
    Calculating The Ph Of Polyprotic Acids

    This section discusses the calculations involved in determining the pH of...

  29. 7.6.3
    Titration Curves Of Polyprotic Acids

    This section discusses the unique characteristics of titration curves for...

What we have learnt

  • Acids and bases can be defined using both the Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis theories.
  • The strength of acids and bases is determined by their degree of ionization or dissociation in solution.
  • Buffer solutions maintain stable pH levels by neutralizing added acids or bases.

Key Concepts

-- BrønstedLowry Theory
Defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors, forming conjugate acid-base pairs.
-- Lewis Theory
Expands the definition of acids and bases to include electron pair acceptors and donors.
-- pH
A logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution; lower pH indicates higher acidity.
-- Buffer Solution
A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
-- Titration
A technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by adding a titrant to an analyte.
-- Polyprotic Acid
Acids that can donate more than one proton per molecule, having multiple dissociation constants.

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