Activities and Exercises - 7 | Unit 2: User Research & Problem Definition | IB Grade 8 Product Design
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Activities and Exercises

7 - Activities and Exercises

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Interactive Audio Lesson

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Understanding Ethics in User Research

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Today, we're going to talk about ethics in user research. Why do we need to consider ethics when performing interviews or surveys?

Student 1
Student 1

I think it's important to protect the privacy of the participants.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! We must ensure confidentiality. We also need informed consent. Who can tell me what informed consent means?

Student 2
Student 2

It means making sure participants know why we are collecting their data and that they agree to it.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Perfect! Remember the acronym I.C.E? It stands for Informed consent, Confidentiality, and Ethical considerations. These aspects guide our interactions with research participants.

Student 3
Student 3

So, what if someone wants to withdraw from the study?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Great question! Participants should know they can withdraw at any time without consequences. This is part of ethical practice.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

To summarize, we must prioritize our participants' rights and make ethical considerations a core part of our research process.

Interview Coding Drill

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Now, let's move on to coding interviews. Coding helps us identify themes in qualitative data. Where do you think we might start?

Student 1
Student 1

We could read through the transcript and highlight key phrases.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Once we've highlighted, we can create codes that summarize each theme. Can someone provide an example of a code?

Student 4
Student 4

If a user mentioned they find a feature difficult, we might code that as 'Usability Issue'.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Good job! Remember to look for patterns when you write these codes. This will help us later when we create affinity diagrams.

Student 2
Student 2

How do we create those diagrams?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Great question! You’ll organize your codes into groups of related themes on sticky notes. This visual representation helps us see connections between issues.

Redesigning Surveys

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Next up is our survey redesign exercise. Why is it important to critique surveys?

Student 3
Student 3

To make sure they're clear and unbiased.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Let’s look at this example question: 'Do you think our app is good?' How would you rewrite that?

Student 1
Student 1

Maybe change it to 'How would you rate the app on a scale from 1 to 5?'

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Yes! This is an example of a closed question giving clear options. Always strive for clarity and neutrality in your wording.

Student 2
Student 2

What about open-ended questions?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Open-ended questions are also vital to gain insights but should be used alongside closed questions for balanced data.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Remember, clarity and unbiased wording are key to obtaining valid data!

Empathy Mapping

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Lastly, we will build empathy maps for our personas. Who can tell me the purpose of an empathy map?

Student 4
Student 4

To understand user emotions and needs better!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Correct! We can organize our findings into four sections: Says, Thinks, Does, and Feels. Let's start with 'Says.' What do you think users might 'say'?

Student 1
Student 1

They might express frustrations about a feature.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Capture direct quotes for this section. The next section, 'Thinks,' dives deeper into their beliefs. What would you write there?

Student 2
Student 2

Maybe they think the app should be more intuitive.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Fantastic! After we've completed all sections, we’ll discuss the insights and key user needs they reveal.

Applying the 5 Whys Technique

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Now we'll apply the 5 Whys exercise to a common symptom. What problem do you frequently face in your life?

Student 3
Student 3

I often feel tired a lot.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Great choice! Let’s dig deeper using the 5 Whys. So, why do you feel tired?

Student 1
Student 1

Because I don’t sleep well.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Why don’t you sleep well?

Student 4
Student 4

I stay up late on my phone.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Why do you stay up late on your phone?

Student 2
Student 2

Because I want to watch videos.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Why do you feel the need to watch videos?

Student 3
Student 3

To relax after studying.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Finally, why do you feel you need to relax after studying?

Student 1
Student 1

Because I feel stressed.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Excellent work! You get to the root of stress and lack of sleep. This method can help uncover deeper issues that need addressing.

Introduction & Overview

Read summaries of the section's main ideas at different levels of detail.

Quick Overview

This section outlines various interactive activities and exercises to enhance knowledge and application of user research and problem definition techniques.

Standard

The section presents a series of engaging exercises designed to reinforce the concepts learned about user research, personas, empathy mapping, and problem statements. Each activity encourages practical application and teamwork.

Detailed

Activities and Exercises

This section features a selection of activities aimed at solidifying the understanding of concepts related to user research and problem definition. The exercises are designed to be interactive, encouraging students to work collaboratively and to apply knowledge practically. The activities are categorized into different types to facilitate diverse learning methods.

Overview of Activities

  1. Ethics Role-Play: Simulate an interview situation focusing on ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality, crucial for user research. This gives students a practical understanding of ethical standards in research.
  2. Interview Coding Drill: Engage with a transcript excerpt to practice thematic coding. Students will learn how to identify and categorize information effectively.
  3. Survey Redesign: Critique the structure and wording of a poorly designed survey, rewrite it according to established best practices, allowing them to apply learning on survey design.
  4. Empathy Mapping: In groups, students will create empathy maps for selected personas, promoting understanding of user needs and perspectives.
  5. 5 Whys Exercise: Students will examine a common symptom in their daily life to apply the 5 Whys technique, enhancing their problem-solving skills.
  6. OKR Planning: Draft Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART) objectives for improving a feature in an educational app, fostering goal-setting skills crucial for project success.

Through these sessions, students will develop essential skills in user research methodologies, ethical considerations, and structured problem-solving.

Audio Book

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Ethics Role-Play

Chapter 1 of 6

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Chapter Content

  1. Ethics Role‑Play: Simulate an interview, focusing on informed consent and confidentiality.

Detailed Explanation

This activity involves participants acting out an interview scenario. The main focus is on understanding the ethical principles of informed consent and confidentiality. Participants will take on roles as both the interviewer and the interviewee. The interviewer must explain the purpose of the interview and ensure that they have obtained permission to conduct it, emphasizing the right of the interviewee to withdraw at any time. This exercise helps students grasp the ethical considerations in user research.

Examples & Analogies

Think of this like a doctor explaining a procedure to a patient before getting their consent. Just as patients need to understand what is happening and have the choice to say no, interviewees also need to know what will happen during an interview and agree to participate.

Interview Coding Drill

Chapter 2 of 6

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Chapter Content

  1. Interview Coding Drill: Given a transcript excerpt, practice thematic coding and affinity mapping.

Detailed Explanation

In this exercise, students will receive a transcript from an interview that has already taken place. The task is to identify key themes and topics within the conversation. Thematic coding involves highlighting repeated ideas or subjects mentioned by the interviewee. Affinity mapping is then used to organize these themes visually, typically using sticky notes. This helps in recognizing patterns across multiple interviews and in synthesizing user insights.

Examples & Analogies

Imagine sorting through a collection of colored beads. Each bead represents a different theme or idea from the interview. By categorizing and grouping similar colors together, you can see the bigger picture of what users are saying, much like sorting themes in a study.

Survey Redesign

Chapter 3 of 6

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Chapter Content

  1. Survey Redesign: Critique a poorly worded survey and rewrite it following best practices.

Detailed Explanation

This activity involves students analyzing an existing survey that has issues in its wording. The participants will identify confusing or biased questions and suggest improvements based on principles of clarity and neutrality. The exercise emphasizes the importance of designing surveys that are easy to understand and yield accurate data. By practicing this, students learn how to create effective surveys that gather valuable insights.

Examples & Analogies

Think of this as a cooking lesson where you taste a dish that is overly salty. You identify the problem and then adjust the recipe to create a more balanced flavor. Similarly, by critiquing a survey and refining the questions, you aim to improve the 'taste' of the data you collect.

Empathy Mapping

Chapter 4 of 6

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Chapter Content

  1. Empathy Mapping: Work in groups to build an empathy map for a chosen persona.

Detailed Explanation

During this exercise, students will collaborate to create an empathy map for a specific user persona. The map consists of different sections where students capture what the persona says, thinks, does, and feels about their experiences. This activity enhances understanding of user perspectives and helps to identify their needs and emotions. By visualizing user sentiments, students can better empathize with the persona and create solutions tailored to their needs.

Examples & Analogies

Consider this like preparing for an important interview where you try to understand the candidate's background and motivations. The empathy map allows you to gather a holistic view of the persona, much like preparing a comprehensive profile before meeting someone important.

5 Whys Exercise

Chapter 5 of 6

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Chapter Content

  1. 5 Whys Exercise: Identify a common symptom in daily life and apply the 5 Whys to find the root cause.

Detailed Explanation

In this activity, students will select a common problem they encounter in their daily lives and apply the 5 Whys technique to trace back to its root cause. This method involves asking 'Why?' repeatedly, up to five times, to peel away the layers and reach the fundamental issue. This exercise is valuable for developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills, enabling students to approach complex issues systematically.

Examples & Analogies

Think about it like a puzzle; you start with the pieces scattered and ask questions to fit them together. If the final image isn’t what you expected, you keep asking why you didn’t get it right until the underlying reasons are clear, revealing what's missing in your approach.

OKR Planning

Chapter 6 of 6

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Chapter Content

  1. OKR Planning: Draft an OKR for improving an educational app feature and define three quantifiable key results.

Detailed Explanation

This activity involves students setting up objectives and key results (OKRs) for a feature in an educational app. An OKR is a goal-setting framework that consists of a clear objective aimed at improving user experience or engagement, paired with measurable key results that indicate success. Students will brainstorm relevant objectives and identify three specific, quantifiable outcomes that can be tracked to measure progress. This exercise emphasizes goal clarity and accountability in project management.

Examples & Analogies

Consider this like planning a sports season. The objective might be to win a championship (the overarching goal), and each game becomes a key result that contributes to that goal. Tracking wins, losses, and improvements makes it easier to see if the overall objective is on track, just as tracking OKRs does for project goals.

Key Concepts

  • Ethics in User Research: Adhering to ethical standards is vital in protecting participant rights.

  • Thematic Coding: A systematic way to analyze qualitative data for recurring themes.

  • Empathy Mapping: A visual representation to explore user perspectives and emotional responses.

  • The 5 Whys: A technique used to identify the root cause of problems through inquiry.

  • OKR (Objectives and Key Results): A goal-setting framework that tracks measurable outcomes.

Examples & Applications

When conducting a user interview, ensure that participants have signed an informed consent form to protect their confidentiality and understanding.

In empathy mapping, a typical quote might be: 'I often forget to sync my data', demonstrating a user's pain point.

An example of a crafted 5 Whys analysis might reveal that students don't use a feature because they find it too complex, which can lead to improving usability.

Memory Aids

Interactive tools to help you remember key concepts

🎡

Rhymes

In research, be fair, show that you care, with ethics in sight, keep users' rights tight.

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Stories

Once upon a time, a researcher named Ella ensured every participant knew the study's agenda, making sure they felt safe and secureβ€”this made her research more reliable and pure.

🧠

Memory Tools

Remember the acronym I.C.E for ethical research: Informed consent, Confidentiality, and Ethical standards.

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Acronyms

5 Whys

find the Why

dig deep for the Why

keep asking why

until you clarify!

Flash Cards

Glossary

Informed Consent

A process whereby research participants are fully informed about the research and voluntarily agree to participate.

Ethics

Moral principles governing conduct, especially during research involving human participants.

Thematic Coding

The process of identifying patterns or themes in qualitative data.

Empathy Map

A visual tool used to articulate what a user says, thinks, feels, and does.

Affinity Diagram

A technique for organizing ideas and data into meaningful clusters or themes.

5 Whys

A problem-solving technique used to explore the cause-and-effect relationships underlying a particular problem.

OKR

Objectives and Key Results; a framework for defining measurable goals and tracking their outcomes.

Reference links

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