14.3.1. Free Surface Flow

Try these first

1. 1.

   Define open channel flow.

   Hint

   Think about environments like rivers and canals.

2. 2.

   What is the role of gravity in open channel flow?

   Hint

   Consider how water flows downhill.

3. 3.

   What distinguishes open channel flow from pipe flow?

   • A) Open to atmosphere
   • B) Has internal pressure
   • C) Flow is always uniform

   Hint

   Consider the surface of the liquid.

4. 4.

   True or False: The pressure at the free surface in open channel flow is atmospheric.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Recall what 'free surface' means.

5. 5.

   A rectangular channel has a width of 2 m and a depth of 1 m. Calculate the hydraulic radius.

   Hint

   Divide the area of flow by the total wetted perimeter.

6. 6.

   A canal has a flow depth of 1.5 m and velocity of 4 m/s. Calculate the Froude number and determine the type of flow.

   Hint

   Use the gravitational constant g = 9.81 m/s² for calculations.