9. Airborne and Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Laser scanning, or LiDAR, is a transformative technology in civil engineering and geospatial studies that allows for precise three-dimensional data collection. It encompasses both Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), used for expansive areas, and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), which focuses on smaller, intricate sites. The chapter elaborates on the principles, components, operational methods, data processing, and applications of these technologies, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and emerging trends.
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What we have learnt
- Laser scanning consists of techniques for acquiring spatial data using laser pulses to create 3D point clouds.
- Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is effective for large-area topographic mapping, while Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is suited for detailed ground surveys and structural monitoring.
- Data processing of point clouds enables the generation of various outputs, including digital elevation models and 3D city models.
Key Concepts
- -- LiDAR
- Light Detection and Ranging; a method for capturing spatial data by sending laser pulses and measuring their return time.
- -- Point Cloud
- A set of data points generated by laser scanners that represent the external surface of objects.
- -- GNSS
- Global Navigation Satellite System, used to provide precise positioning data for laser scanning systems.
- -- IMU
- Inertial Measurement Unit, a device that measures the orientation and motion of the scanning platform.
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