6. Geographical Information System (GIS)
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are essential tools in civil engineering, integrating technology and data to support spatial analysis and management. The chapter covers the definition, components, types of data, and applications of GIS, emphasizing its role in urban planning, transportation, and environmental monitoring. It also discusses challenges, emerging trends, and the importance of GIS standards.
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What we have learnt
- GIS integrates hardware, software, and data for effective spatial analysis.
- Both spatial and attribute data are crucial in understanding geographic features.
- GIS plays a vital role in civil engineering projects, aiding in planning and decision-making.
Key Concepts
- -- Geographical Information System (GIS)
- A computer-based system for capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing, and presenting spatial or geographic data.
- -- Spatial Data
- Data that represents the location and shape of geographic features, including vector and raster formats.
- -- Attribute Data
- Non-spatial data associated with spatial features, such as the name and width of a road.
- -- Data Acquisition
- The process of collecting data from various sources, including primary and secondary methods.
- -- GIS Standards
- Set protocols that ensure geographic data can be effectively shared, integrated, and used across different platforms.
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