Professional Courses
Industry-relevant training in Business, Technology, and Design
Categories
Interactive Games
Fun games to boost memory, math, typing, and English skills
Typing
Memory
Math
English Adventures
Knowledge
ICSE Class 9 History and Civics
ICSE Class 9 History and Civics explores the foundations of modern history, significant historical events, and the structure of governance. It helps students understand political systems, historical developments, and their impact on society, ensuring they build a solid understanding of both past and present societal structures.
Course Chapters
Our Constitution
The Constitution serves as the foundational framework for governance in a country, outlining the powers of government and protecting citizens' rights. Its importance lies in establishing the rule of law, defining fundamental rights, and ensuring duties of both government and citizens. The Indian Constitution, noted for its comprehensiveness and democratic foundations, was drafted by the Constituent Assembly and adopted in 1949, coming into effect in 1950.
Elections
Elections are a vital mechanism by which citizens in a democratic society choose their representatives through voting. They ensure representation, legitimacy, and foster political engagement. The chapter discusses the types of elections, voting eligibility, the election process, and the crucial role of the Election Commission in facilitating free and fair elections.
Local Self-Government
Local Self-Government is key to administration at the grassroots level in a democratic framework, involving elected representatives and citizen participation in decision-making. It consists of various structures such as the Panchayati Raj System in rural areas and Urban Local Bodies in cities, each with distinct functions and sources of income. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments have empowered local governance significantly.
The Harappan Civilisation
The Harappan Civilisation, flourishing from around 2500 BCE to 1500 BCE in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent, is recognized for its advanced urban planning, unique craftsmanship, and complex social life. Archaeological discoveries such as city layouts, crafts, trade systems, and religious practices provide insights into its sophisticated culture. The decline of this civilisation is attributed to various factors including natural disasters, climate change, and potential invasions.
The Vedic Period
The Vedic Period, spanning from around 1500 BCE to 600 BCE, marks a pivotal era in Indian history characterized by significant developments in society, religion, politics, and culture. It is distinguished by the composition of the Vedas, the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism, and is divided into the Early Vedic and Later Vedic periods. Notable changes include the evolution of political structures from tribal assemblies to hereditary monarchies, social stratification with the rigid varna system, economic shifts to agriculture, and the transition from nature worship to complex rituals and philosophical thought.
Jainism and Buddhism
Jainism and Buddhism emerged in India during the 6th century BCE as responses to the ritualistic practices of Brahmanism, focusing on self-discipline, ethics, and equality. Both religions emphasized key teachings such as the importance of non-violence (Ahimsa) and the belief in karma and rebirth, yet they differed significantly in their paths to salvation and philosophical tenets. The chapters detail the causes of these religions' rise, their core teachings, similarities, differences, and the historical context of their spread and decline.
The Mauryan Empire
The Mauryan Empire marked the first significant political unification of the Indian subcontinent, initiated by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE. The empire reached its zenith under Ashoka, who championed Buddhism and a code of ethics following the Kalinga War, greatly influencing future Indian governance and culture. Its administration was noted for its organization and efficiency, while its decline was attributed to weak successors and internal strife, setting a precedent for future empires in India.
The Sangam Age
The Sangam Age denotes a significant period in South Indian history where Tamil literature thrived under royal patronage. This era is characterized by the flourishing of poetic assemblies, notable political kingdoms such as the Chola, Chera, and Pandya, and a society that, while patriarchal, honored women's contributions. Additionally, agriculture and trade marked the economy, alongside a rich religious tapestry that included nature worship and early forms of Hinduism.
The Age of the Guptas
The Age of the Guptas is recognized as a significant period in Indian history characterized by remarkable advancements in art, literature, science, and political stability. Established by Chandragupta I, the Gupta Empire saw a flourishing of culture and trade, contributing to its legacy as the Golden Age of India. Major rulers like Samudragupta and Chandragupta II further expanded the empire, while various factors contributed to its eventual decline by the 6th century CE.
Medieval India
Medieval India spanned from the 8th to the 18th century CE, characterized by the rise and fall of various regional kingdoms and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire. This period saw significant developments in religion, society, culture, economy, and administrative systems, as well as the syncretism of Hindu and Islamic traditions. The era laid the groundwork for modern Indian society, influencing its cultural and political landscape.
The Modern Age in Europe
The Modern Age in Europe is characterized by significant transformations across political, social, economic, and cultural spheres from the 15th century onwards, encompassing key movements such as the Renaissance, Reformation, and the Industrial Revolution. These developments not only revolutionized European society but also had a profound impact globally, leading to new ideologies and the rise of nation-states. The shift towards scientific inquiry and enlightenment ideals also laid crucial groundwork for modern democracy and capitalism.