12. Skeleton: Movement and Locomotion
The chapter discusses the skeleton's role in providing support, protecting vital organs, and facilitating movement. It describes the types of skeletons, specifically focusing on the human skeleton which consists of 206 bones divided into the axial and appendicular skeletons. Additionally, it covers the functions of the skeleton, types of joints, the relationship between muscles and movement, and the various modes of locomotion in animals.
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What we have learnt
- The skeleton serves as the internal framework of the body and plays crucial roles including support, protection, and movement.
- There are different types of skeletons: endoskeletons, exoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.
- Muscles and joints work together to enable locomotion, which varies across different species of animals.
Key Concepts
- -- Endoskeleton
- A skeleton located inside the body, made of bones and cartilage, typically found in vertebrates.
- -- Exoskeleton
- An external skeleton covering the body, made of chitin or calcium carbonate, commonly found in insects and crustaceans.
- -- Hydrostatic Skeleton
- A fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles that provides support, seen in organisms like earthworms and jellyfish.
- -- Joints
- The locations where two or more bones meet, allowing for various types of movements.
- -- Antagonistic pairs
- Pairs of muscles that work against each other, where one contracts while the other relaxes to facilitate movement.
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