Pollination And Fertilization

Pollination and fertilization are essential for the reproduction of flowering plants, leading to seed and fruit formation.

Introduction

Pollination and fertilization are vital processes in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants, leading to seed and fruit formation.

Pollination

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma, crucial for plant reproduction.

Types Of Pollination

This section outlines the different types of pollination, namely self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Advantages Of Cross-Pollination

Cross-pollination enhances genetic diversity and produces healthier offspring compared to self-pollination.

Disadvantages Of Self-Pollination

Self-pollination has disadvantages, mainly reducing genetic variability and potentially producing weaker offspring.

Agents Of Pollination

This section covers the different agents responsible for pollination in flowering plants.

Fertilization

Fertilization involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, leading to the development of seeds and fruits.

Steps In Fertilization

Fertilization involves the fusion of male and female gametes, leading to the formation of a zygote.

Double Fertilization (In Higher Plants)

Double fertilization in angiosperms involves the fusion of one male gamete with the egg cell to form a zygote and another male gamete with two polar nuclei to create endosperm.

Post-Fertilization Changes

Post-fertilization changes involve the transformation of various parts of the flower into seeds, fruits, and embryos.

Significance Of Pollination And Fertilization

Pollination and fertilization are vital processes in plants that ensure reproduction and genetic diversity.