9. Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi
Bacteria and fungi are essential microscopic organisms that significantly contribute to various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and medicine. While they play crucial beneficial roles, such as nitrogen fixation and antibiotic production, they can also cause diseases and spoil food, underscoring the dual nature of these organisms in human life.
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What we have learnt
- Bacteria assist in nitrogen fixation and decomposition, playing vital roles in agriculture and industry.
- Fungi contribute to fermentation processes, antibiotic production, and serve as a food source.
- Both bacteria and fungi can be harmful, leading to human and plant diseases, as well as food spoilage.
Key Concepts
- -- Nitrogen Fixation
- The process by which certain bacteria, such as Rhizobium, convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, enhancing soil fertility.
- -- Antibiotics
- Substances produced by microorganisms, such as Penicillium notatum, that inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms.
- -- Mycorrhizae
- The symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots that improves nutrient and water absorption.
- -- Fermentation
- The metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol using microorganisms, notably yeast.
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