ICSE 9 Biology | 6. Seeds: Structure and Germination by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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6. Seeds: Structure and Germination

6. Seeds: Structure and Germination

Seeds play a crucial role in the continuity of plant life, providing a means for dispersal and germination. Understanding seed structure, including differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seeds, is key to comprehending their growth. Germination, influenced by water, oxygen, temperature, and seed viability, leads to the development of a young plant from a dormant seed. The process involves significant changes in the seed that facilitate the emergence of the plant.

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  1. 6
    Seeds: Structure And Germination

    This section covers the structure of seeds and the process of germination,...

  2. 6.1
    Introduction

    A seed is the mature ovule that contains an embryo, essential for the...

  3. 6.2
    Structure Of A Seed

    The section discusses the structural differences between monocotyledonous...

  4. 6.2.1
    Types Of Seeds

    This section categorizes seeds into monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous...

  5. 6.2.1.1
    Monocotyledonous (Monocot)

    Monocot seeds are characterized by a single cotyledon and are an essential...

  6. 6.2.1.2
    Dicotyledonous (Dicot)

    Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons and differ from monocots in...

  7. 6.2.2
    General Parts Of A Dicot Seed

    This section describes the essential parts of a dicot seed, such as the seed...

  8. 6.2.2.1

    The seed coat is the outer protective layer of a seed, consisting of two...

  9. 6.2.2.2

    The hilum is a scar on the seed coat marking the attachment point to the...

  10. 6.2.2.3

    The micropyle is a small pore in the seed coat that facilitates water and...

  11. 6.2.2.4

    Cotyledons are the seed's embryonic leaves crucial for nutrient storage and...

  12. 6.2.2.5

    The embryo is the developing plant within the seed, crucial for the...

  13. 6.2.2.5.1

    The radicle is the part of the seed embryo that develops into the root,...

  14. 6.2.2.5.2

    The section discusses the plumule, which is the part of the seed embryo that...

  15. 6.2.3
    Structure Of A Monocot Seed

    Monocot seeds, such as maize, have a unique structure featuring one...

  16. 6.2.3.1
    Single Cotyledon (Scutellum)

    The scutellum is a key structure in monocot seeds, serving as the single...

  17. 6.2.3.2

    The endosperm is a crucial part of the seed that provides nutritional...

  18. 6.2.3.3

    The embryo is a vital part of a seed, responsible for developing into a new plant.

  19. 6.2.3.4

    Coleoptile is a protective sheath that encases the plumule in a monocot...

  20. 6.2.3.5

    Coleorhiza is a protective sheath surrounding the radicle in monocot seeds,...

  21. 6.3
    Types Of Seeds

    Seeds are classified into monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous based on the...

  22. 6.4
    Germination Of Seeds

    Germination is the process by which seeds grow into seedlings under suitable...

  23. 6.4.1
    Types Of Germination

    Germination involves two main types: epigeal and hypogeal, each...

  24. 6.4.1.1
    Epigeal Germination

    Epigeal germination is the process where the cotyledons of a seed emerge...

  25. 6.4.1.2
    Hypogeal Germination

    Hypogeal germination is a process where cotyledons remain below the soil...

  26. 6.5
    Conditions Necessary For Germination

    Germination requires specific conditions, including water, oxygen, suitable...

  27. 6.6
    Changes During Germination

    Germination involves crucial changes as seeds absorb water and convert food,...

  28. 6.7
    Significance Of Germination

    Germination is crucial for the growth of new plants, allowing seeds to...

What we have learnt

  • Seeds are the mature ovules formed after fertilization and contain the embryo.
  • There are two main types of seeds: monocotyledonous (one cotyledon) and dicotyledonous (two cotyledons).
  • Germination requires specific conditions, including water, oxygen, temperature, and a viable seed.

Key Concepts

-- Monocotyledonous Seeds
Seeds with one cotyledon, such as maize and rice.
-- Dicotyledonous Seeds
Seeds with two cotyledons, such as beans and gram.
-- Germination
The process by which a seed develops into a seedling under appropriate conditions.
-- Epigeal Germination
Type of germination where the cotyledons come above the soil, seen in plants like beans.
-- Hypogeal Germination
Type of germination where cotyledons remain below the soil, such as in maize.

Additional Learning Materials

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