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4. The Flower

The chapter discusses the structure, types, and functions of flowers, emphasizing their role in the reproduction of angiosperms. It covers components such as the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium, while elaborating on pollination and fertilization processes. Post-fertilization changes and the significant functions of flowers in the life cycle of plants are also highlighted.

Sections

  • 4

    The Flower

    The flower is the reproductive part of angiosperms, essential for sexual reproduction and producing seeds and fruit.

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  • 4.1

    Introduction

    The flower is the reproductive part of angiosperm plants, crucial for sexual reproduction, leading to the formation of seeds and fruits.

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  • 4.2

    Structure Of A Flower

    This section outlines the four main whorls of a complete flower, detailing their structure and functions in plant reproduction.

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  • 4.2.1

    Calyx (Sepals)

    The calyx, composed of sepals, is the outermost whorl of a flower, primarily responsible for protecting the flower bud.

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  • 4.2.2

    Corolla (Petals)

    The corolla, consisting of colorful petals, plays a crucial role in attracting pollinators to flowers.

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  • 4.2.3

    Androecium (Male Reproductive Part)

    The androecium is the male reproductive part of the flower, consisting of stamens that produce pollen grains.

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  • 4.2.3.1

    Anther

    The anther is a crucial component of the male reproductive part of a flower, responsible for producing pollen grains.

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  • 4.2.3.2

    Filament

    The filament is the stalk that supports the anther in the androecium of a flower, playing a crucial role in the reproductive process.

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  • 4.2.4

    Gynoecium / Pistil (Female Reproductive Part)

    The gynoecium, or pistil, is the female reproductive part of a flower, comprising carpels that include the stigma, style, and ovary.

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  • 4.2.4.1

    Stigma

    The stigma is a vital part of the flower, responsible for receiving pollen and playing a crucial role in reproduction.

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  • 4.2.4.2

    Style

    This section discusses the structure and components of a flower, emphasizing its role in reproduction.

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  • 4.2.4.3

    Ovary

    The ovary is a crucial part of a flower's reproductive structure, containing female gametes and playing a key role in seed and fruit formation.

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  • 4.3

    Types Of Flowers

    This section discusses the various types of flowers based on their sex organs, symmetry, and ovary position.

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  • 4.4

    Pollination

    Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma, facilitated by various agents.

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  • 4.5

    Fertilization

    Fertilization is the process where pollen grains fuse with ovules to form a zygote, setting the stage for seed development.

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  • 4.6

    Post-Fertilization Changes

    Post-fertilization changes involve critical transformations that occur in a flower after fertilization, leading to the formation of fruit and seeds while other flower parts usually wither.

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  • 4.7

    Functions Of A Flower

    The section outlines the essential functions of flowers in the reproductive processes of angiosperms, including gamete production and attracting pollinators.

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References

b9-4.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • The flower is the reproduct...
  • Flowers can be classified b...
  • Pollination can occur throu...

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