2. Organization and Structure of Modern Computer Systems - Computer and Processor Architecture
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2. Organization and Structure of Modern Computer Systems

2. Organization and Structure of Modern Computer Systems

Modern computer systems are organized into functional blocks that work together to perform computations efficiently. It covers various architectures, including Von Neumann and Harvard, and discusses the components of the CPU, memory organization, I/O systems, and performance enhancements through parallelism and pipelining. The chapter highlights the advantages and disadvantages of these architectures in contemporary computing.

31 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 2
    Organization And Structure Of Modern Computer Systems

    This section covers the organization and architecture of modern computer...

  2. 2.1
    Introduction To Computer System Organization

    Computer system organization refers to the structuring and interconnection...

  3. 2.2
    Functional Units Of A Computer

    This section discusses the main functional units of a computer, outlining...

  4. 2.3
    Von Neumann Architecture

    The Von Neumann Architecture is a foundational model for general-purpose...

  5. 2.4
    Harvard Architecture

    Harvard Architecture utilizes separate memory for data and instructions,...

  6. 2.5
    System Buses

    System buses are crucial components in computer architecture, enabling...

  7. 2.5.1

    The Data Bus is a vital communication pathway in computer systems that...

  8. 2.5.2

    The Address Bus is a crucial communication channel in computing that...

  9. 2.5.3

    The control bus is a vital communication pathway in computer architecture...

  10. 2.6
    Cpu Organization

    CPU organization outlines the structure and internal workings of the CPU,...

  11. 2.6.1

    Single-core architecture involves having one processing unit within the CPU,...

  12. 2.6.2

    Multi-core CPUs enhance computational performance by utilizing multiple...

  13. 2.6.3

    Superscalar architecture allows multiple instructions to be executed...

  14. 2.7
    Control Unit Design

    This section discusses the design of control units in computer systems,...

  15. 2.7.1
    Hardwired Control

    This section provides an overview of hardwired control in computer systems,...

  16. 2.7.2
    Microprogrammed Control

    Microprogrammed control uses a sequence of microinstructions stored in...

  17. 2.8
    Memory System Organization

    This section discusses the various types of memory systems in modern...

  18. 2.9
    I/o Organization

    I/O Organization facilitates data transfer between the CPU and peripheral...

  19. 2.9.1
    Programmed I/o

    Programmed I/O is a method where the CPU directly manages I/O transfers...

  20. 2.9.2
    Interrupt-Driven I/o

    Interrupt-driven I/O allows devices to signal the CPU for immediate...

  21. 2.9.3
    Dma (Direct Memory Access)

    DMA (Direct Memory Access) allows peripherals to transfer data to and from...

  22. 2.10
    Parallelism In Modern Systems

    This section discusses various forms of parallelism employed in modern...

  23. 2.11
    Performance Enhancements

    This section outlines key performance enhancements in modern computer...

  24. 2.11.1

    Pipelining is a technique that breaks down instruction execution into stages...

  25. 2.11.2
    Cache Hierarchy

    The cache hierarchy is a structured organization of different levels of...

  26. 2.11.3
    Branch Prediction

    Branch prediction is a technique used to improve the flow control in the...

  27. 2.11.4
    Out-Of-Order Execution

    Out-of-order execution is a performance enhancement technique that allows...

  28. 2.12
    Comparison: Von Neumann Vs Harvard

    This section compares Von Neumann and Harvard architectures, highlighting...

  29. 2.13
    Applications

    This section discusses various application areas of computer systems,...

  30. 2.14
    Advantages And Disadvantages

    This section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of modern computer...

  31. 2.15
    Summary Of Key Concepts

    This section summarizes key concepts of modern computer systems, including...

What we have learnt

  • Computer system organization is crucial for understanding hardware structure and communication.
  • The Von Neumann and Harvard architectures differ significantly in their design and performance characteristics.
  • Memory systems and I/O organization play vital roles in the performance of computer systems.

Key Concepts

-- Computer System Organization
The arrangement and interaction of hardware components within a computer system.
-- Von Neumann Architecture
A computer architecture design where a single memory space is used for both data and instructions, leading to potential performance bottlenecks.
-- Harvard Architecture
A computer architecture where separate memory spaces are utilized for data and instructions, allowing for parallel data access.
-- System Buses
Communication pathways in a computer that transfer data, addresses, and control signals between components.
-- Pipelining
A technique in which multiple instruction stages are overlapped to improve execution efficiency.
-- Parallelism
An approach to improve performance by executing multiple instructions or processes simultaneously.

Additional Learning Materials

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