15. Computer Organization and Architecture: A Pedagogical Aspect
The chapter delves into the execution of programs and programming languages, focusing on the role of the CPU, memory, and input/output devices in executing instructions. It defines the instruction cycle, detailing the fetch and execute phases, and discusses various instruction formats and programming languages. Additionally, the chapter explores the relationship between machine-level instructions and high-level languages, illustrating the processing of instructions through examples.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- The execution of a program involves fetching instructions from memory and executing them in the CPU.
- Instruction format defines how operations and operands are structured within a program.
- There are multiple levels of programming languages ranging from assembly to high-level languages.
Key Concepts
- -- Fetch Cycle
- The phase in the instruction cycle where the CPU retrieves an instruction from memory.
- -- Execute Cycle
- The phase where the CPU performs the operations defined by the fetched instruction.
- -- AccumulatorBased Processor
- A type of processor that uses an accumulator for arithmetic operations, where one operand is implicit in the operation.
- -- Opcode
- The part of an instruction that specifies the operation to be performed.
- -- Instruction Register
- A register in the CPU that holds the current instruction being executed.
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