3. Introduction to Computer Architecture - Computer Organisation and Architecture - Vol 1
Students

Academic Programs

AI-powered learning for grades 8-12, aligned with major curricula

Professional

Professional Courses

Industry-relevant training in Business, Technology, and Design

Games

Interactive Games

Fun games to boost memory, math, typing, and English skills

3. Introduction to Computer Architecture

3. Introduction to Computer Architecture

The chapter outlines the evolution and functioning of computers, detailing the fetch-execute cycle and the historical milestones in computing technology. It highlights key figures like Charles Babbage and innovations such as the punched card system, leading up to modern microprocessor developments. The ongoing trajectory of computational advancements is exemplified through Moore's Law and Intel's development timeline.

32 sections

Enroll to start learning

You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 3.1
    Introduction To Computer Architecture

    This section introduces the fundamental concepts of computer architecture,...

  2. 3.1.1
    Fetch-Execute Cycle

    The fetch-execute cycle is fundamental in computer processing, involving...

  3. 3.1.2
    Indirect Cycle

    This section introduces the indirect cycle in computing, detailing its role...

  4. 3.2
    History Of Computing

    This section explores the evolution of computing, highlighting pivotal...

  5. 3.2.1
    Charles Babbage And The Analytical Engine

    This section discusses Charles Babbage’s contributions to computing and the...

  6. 3.2.2
    Programming Concepts By Ada Lovelace

    The section explores the foundational principles of computer programming and...

  7. 3.2.3
    Herman Hollerith And Punched Card System

    Herman Hollerith developed the punched card system, which was a...

  8. 3.2.4
    Atanasoff-Berry Computer (Abc)

    The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) represents a pivotal development in...

  9. 3.2.5
    George Boole And Boolean Algebra

    The section covers the significant contributions made by George Boole to...

  10. 3.2.6
    Mark I: The First Full-Fledged Computer

    This section discusses the foundational concepts of early computing,...

  11. 3.2.7
    Envac: The First Computer With Stored Program

    This section discusses the historical significance and functionality of...

  12. 3.2.8
    Univac 1: The First Commercial Computer

    This section provides an overview of the UNIVAC 1, the first commercial...

  13. 3.3
    Generations Of Computers

    This section covers the evolution of computer generations, from the early...

  14. 3.3.1
    First Generation (1940s-1955): Vacuum Tubes

    This section discusses the early development of computers during the 1940s...

  15. 3.3.2
    Second Generation (1955-1960): Transistors

    This section discusses the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors in...

  16. 3.3.3
    Third Generation (1960s): Integrated Circuits

    This section discusses the development of integrated circuits in the 1960s,...

  17. 3.3.4
    Fourth Generation: Microprocessors

    This section discusses the evolution of microprocessors and highlights key...

  18. 3.3.5
    Fifth Generation: Vlsi Technology

    The section discusses the evolution of computing from early machines to...

  19. 3.4

    Moore's Law, proposed by Gordon Moore in 1965, observes that the number of...

  20. 3.4.1
    Observation On Transistor Growth

    This section discusses the evolution of computing from early mechanical...

  21. 3.4.2
    Impact On Processing Power

    This section discusses the relationship between the evolution of computers...

  22. 3.5
    Timeline Of Intel Processors

    This section outlines the historical evolution of Intel processors, from the...

  23. 3.5.1
    Introduction Of Intel 4004

    This section introduces the Intel 4004 microprocessor, its significance in...

  24. 3.5.2
    Evolution Of Intel Processors

    This section discusses the historical development of Intel processors from...

  25. 3.5.3
    Shift To Pentium Series

    This section describes the evolution of computing from early devices to the...

  26. 3.5.4
    Introduction Of Multi-Core Processors

    This section introduces multi-core processors and discusses the evolution of...

  27. 3.5.5
    Current Intel I Series Processors

    This section discusses the evolution and architecture of Intel's i series...

  28. 3.6
    Test Items And Learning Objectives

    This section discusses the fetch-execute cycle of computers, highlights key...

  29. 3.6.1
    Model Of Computers Vs. Human Beings

    This section compares the functioning of computers to human beings,...

  30. 3.6.2
    Execution Of Programs In Computers

    This section discusses the fundamental processes involved in executing...

  31. 3.6.3
    Components Of A Computer

    This section discusses the main components of computers, their historical...

  32. 3.6.4
    Motorola 68000 Series Exploration

    This section explores the Motorola 68000 series of processors, highlighting...

What we have learnt

  • The fetch-execute cycle is fundamental to how computers operate.
  • Charles Babbage is recognized as the 'father of computing' for his invention of the analytical engine in the 1830s.
  • Programming languages, such as Ada created by Augusta Ada, have evolved to enable better interaction with computing devices.
  • The development of punched card systems significantly aided data input methods.
  • Moore's Law describes the exponential growth in the number of transistors within integrated circuits, which has continued to hold true over decades.

Key Concepts

-- FetchExecute Cycle
The process by which a computer retrieves instructions from memory and executes them in a sequential manner.
-- Analytical Engine
An early mechanical general-purpose computer invented by Charles Babbage, recognized as the first concept of a programmable computer.
-- Punched Card System
A method of data input that uses cards with holes representing information, developed by Herman Hollerith.
-- Moore's Law
The observation that the number of transistors on a chip doubles approximately every two years, leading to increased performance of computers.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.