18. Subsequence Existence - Discrete Mathematics - Vol 2
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18. Subsequence Existence

18. Subsequence Existence

The chapter explores key mathematical principles related to sequences, particularly subsequences that are either strictly increasing or strictly decreasing. It utilizes various mathematical tools, including the pigeonhole principle, to demonstrate the existence of such subsequences in any arbitrary sequence of distinct real numbers. The chapter also delves into problems involving subsets and age groups, highlighting the application of these principles in real-world scenarios.

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  1. 18
    Subsequence Existence

    This section discusses the existence of subsequences within any sequence of...

  2. 18.1.1
    Definition Of Increasing And Decreasing Sequences

    This section introduces the concepts of strictly increasing and decreasing...

  3. 18.1.2
    Definition Of Subsequences

    The section discusses the concept of subsequences, particularly focusing on...

  4. 18.1.3
    Universality Of The Statement

    This section discusses the universal property of sequences of distinct real...

  5. 18.1.4
    Pigeonhole Principle Application

    This section discusses the Pigeonhole Principle and its application in...

  6. 18.1.5
    Contradiction And Conclusion

    This section discusses the guarantee of subsequences in any sequence of...

  7. 18.2
    Disjoint Group Sums

    The section analyzes the existence of disjoint groups of people having the...

  8. 18.2.1
    Age Group And Pigeonhole Principle Application

    This section explores how to apply the pigeonhole principle to demonstrate...

  9. 18.2.2
    Achieving Disjoint Groups

    This section discusses the establishment of disjoint groups of distinct real...

  10. 18.3
    Divisibility In Arbitrary Subsets

    This section demonstrates that any sequence of n+1 distinct real numbers...

  11. 18.3.1
    Unique Factorization

    This section explores the concept of subsequences in distinct real numbers,...

  12. 18.3.2
    Pigeonhole Principle Argument

    This section discusses the Pigeonhole Principle and its application in...

  13. 18.3.3
    Conclusion On Divisibility

    This section explores the concept of subsequences within distinct real...

  14. 18.4
    Counting Solutions To Equations

    This section explores the existence of subsequences in a series of distinct...

  15. 18.4.1
    Restrictions On Solution Counts

    This section discusses the existence of subsequences in a sequence of...

  16. 18.4.2
    Applying Restrictions And Solving

    This section explores the application of mathematical principles in proving...

  17. 18.4.3
    Combining Solutions

    This section demonstrates that in any sequence of distinct real numbers,...

What we have learnt

  • A sequence with distinct real numbers always contains a subsequence that is either strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
  • The pigeonhole principle can be effectively applied in problems to show the existence of specific groupings or properties.
  • Mathematical proofs can be constructed through contradiction to establish the validity of statements about sequences and subsets.

Key Concepts

-- Increasing Sequence
A sequence of the form (a1, a2, ...) where a1 < a2 < a3 < ... < an.
-- Decreasing Sequence
A sequence of the form (a1, a2, ...) where a1 > a2 > a3 > ... > an.
-- Subsequence
A derived sequence that may not consist of consecutive elements from the original sequence.
-- Pigeonhole Principle
A principle stating that if there are more items than containers, at least one container must contain more than one item.

Additional Learning Materials

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