23. Vertical and Horizontal Micro-Programs
The chapter discusses the concepts of vertical and horizontal micro-programming, detailing how each affects memory size and instruction execution speed. It explores encoding control signals, using decoders to manage simultaneous signals in a compressed manner, and introduces hybrid approaches that combine aspects of both vertical and horizontal micro-programming. The use of clusters to optimize control signal management while minimizing delays is also highlighted.
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What we have learnt
- Vertical micro-programming compresses memory size but leads to longer execution times due to sequential processing of control signals.
- Horizontal micro-programming allows multiple control signals to be active simultaneously, leading to faster execution but higher memory consumption.
- Hybrid approaches can optimize performance by clustering control signals that are not required to be active at the same time, balancing speed and memory efficiency.
Key Concepts
- -- Vertical MicroProgramming
- A method that encodes control signals to reduce memory size and requires multiple steps to activate control signals.
- -- Horizontal MicroProgramming
- A parallel approach that allows multiple control signals to be active at once, resulting in faster execution but higher memory usage.
- -- Hybrid Approach
- Combines vertical and horizontal micro-programming techniques by clustering control signals, optimizing for both speed and memory efficiency.
- -- Clusters
- Groups of control signals organized to allow for simultaneous activation of signals that do not conflict, enhancing processing speed.
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