Earthquake Engineering - Vol 3 | 34. Design Earthquake by Abraham | Learn Smarter
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34. Design Earthquake

34. Design Earthquake

The chapter highlights key concepts in earthquake-resistant design, focusing on the definition and implications of design earthquakes. Engineers aim to ensure safety and functionality by analyzing seismic hazards, design basis earthquakes, and site effects while incorporating local soil conditions and structural responses. It also discusses the evolution of seismic codes and performance-based design methodologies, emphasizing the importance of ductility, redundancy, and sustainability in design.

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  1. 34
    Design Earthquake

    This section discusses the design earthquake concept, its significance in...

  2. 34.1
    Seismic Hazard And Design Earthquake

    This section discusses the concept of seismic hazards and the design...

  3. 34.1.1
    Types Of Seismic Hazards

    This section outlines the various types of seismic hazards that can affect...

  4. 34.1.2
    Seismic Hazard Analysis

    Seismic Hazard Analysis evaluates the potential ground motion levels due to...

  5. 34.2
    Design Basis Earthquake (Dbe) And Maximum Considered Earthquake (Mce)

    This section discusses the concepts of Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) and...

  6. 34.2.1
    Maximum Considered Earthquake (Mce)

    The Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) represents the most severe ground...

  7. 34.2.2
    Design Basis Earthquake (Dbe)

    The Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) defines the ground motion level for which...

  8. 34.3
    Seismic Zoning And Zoning Maps

    Seismic zoning in India classifies regions into four zones based on seismic...

  9. 34.3.1
    Seismic Zones In India

    India is divided into four seismic zones that categorize areas based on...

  10. 34.3.2
    Zone Factor (Z)

    The Zone Factor (Z) defines the peak ground acceleration (PGA) for Maximum...

  11. 34.4
    Site Effects And Importance Of Local Soil

    This section discusses how local soil types affect ground shaking during...

  12. 34.4.1
    Soil Amplification

    Soil amplification refers to the increase in ground shaking intensity due to...

  13. 34.4.2
    Site Classification (As Per Is 1893)

    Site classification as per IS 1893 categorizes soil types based on their...

  14. 34.4.3
    Importance Factor (I)

    The Importance Factor (I) is a crucial multiplier in earthquake-resistant...

  15. 34.5
    Response Spectra For Design

    This section discusses design response spectra, which are critical for...

  16. 34.5.1
    Design Response Spectrum

    The Design Response Spectrum provides a representation of the maximum...

  17. 34.5.2
    Parameters Of Spectrum

    This section discusses the parameters of the response spectrum, detailing...

  18. 34.5.3
    Is Code Spectrum (Is 1893:2016)

    The IS Code Spectrum provides a standardized seismic response spectrum that...

  19. 34.6
    Design Seismic Base Shear

    This section discusses the formula for calculating design seismic base...

  20. 34.6.1
    Formula (Is 1893)

    This section outlines the formula for calculating the design base shear for...

  21. 34.6.2
    Seismic Weight (W)

    Seismic weight encompasses the dead load of a structure along with certain...

  22. 34.7
    Vertical Distribution Of Base Shear

    This section explains how to distribute base shear vertically across...

  23. 34.7.1
    Lateral Force At Each Storey (Is 1893)

    This section outlines the calculation of lateral forces at each storey of a...

  24. 34.7.2
    Storey Shear And Overturning Moment

    This section discusses storey shear and overturning moment, which are...

  25. 34.8
    Time History And Site-Specific Ground Motion

    This section discusses the importance of time history analysis and...

  26. 34.8.1
    When Required

    This section outlines the circumstances under which time history analysis...

  27. 34.8.2
    Ground Motion Selection

    Ground motion selection involves using recorded earthquake data scaled to...

  28. 34.9
    Use Of Design Earthquake In Structural Design

    Design earthquakes are critical in structural design, allowing engineers to...

  29. 34.9.1
    Linear Static Method

    The Linear Static Method is an analytical technique used in the design of...

  30. 34.9.2
    Response Spectrum Method

    The Response Spectrum Method is a preferred approach in earthquake-resistant...

  31. 34.9.3
    Nonlinear Time History Analysis

    Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NTHA) is crucial for assessing the seismic...

  32. 34.10
    Code Provisions And Revisions (Is 1893:2016)

    This section outlines the major updates and design implications of IS...

  33. 34.10.1
    Major Updates In Is 1893:2016

    The section outlines significant updates to the IS 1893:2016 code, including...

  34. 34.10.2
    Design Implications

    The section emphasizes the importance of ductility and redundancy in design,...

  35. 34.11
    Performance-Based Seismic Design (Pbsd)

    Performance-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) focuses on designing buildings to...

  36. 34.11.1
    Concept And Need

    Performance-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) focuses on limiting damage during...

  37. 34.11.2
    Performance Levels

    Performance levels in seismic design categorize how structures respond to...

  38. 34.11.3
    Design Earthquakes For Pbsd

    This section discusses the different earthquake levels considered in...

  39. 34.11.4
    Nonlinear Analysis Requirements

    This section discusses the requirements and approaches for nonlinear...

  40. 34.12
    Influence Of Soil-Structure Interaction (Ssi)

    Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) examines how the interaction between...

  41. 34.12.1
    What Is Ssi?

    Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) involves the interplay between structures,...

  42. 34.12.2

    The SSI Effects section addresses how soil-structure interaction (SSI)...

  43. 34.12.3
    Considerations In Design

    This section emphasizes the importance of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI)...

  44. 34.12.4
    Code Provisions

    The section outlines the requirements of incorporating soil-structure...

  45. 34.13
    Earthquake Design Of Irregular Structures

    This section addresses the complexities and considerations involved in the...

  46. 34.13.1
    Types Of Irregularities (Is 1893:2016)

    This section discusses the types of irregularities in structures as per IS...

  47. 34.13.2
    Challenges In Design

    This section outlines the complexities of designing earthquake-resistant...

  48. 34.13.3
    Design Measures

    Design measures for irregular structures focus on ensuring stability and...

  49. 34.14
    Seismic Design Of Non-Structural Elements

    This section highlights the importance of designing non-structural...

  50. 34.14.1

    Non-structural elements significantly impact safety and economic losses...

  51. 34.14.2
    Design Considerations

    This section covers the vital design considerations needed for...

  52. 34.14.3
    Code Guidelines

    IS 1893 and NBC outline essential requirements for the design of critical...

  53. 34.15
    Role Of Ductility, Redundancy, And Overstrength

    This section outlines the importance of ductility, redundancy, and...

  54. 34.15.1

    Ductility refers to the ability of structural elements to undergo...

  55. 34.15.2

    This section discusses the importance of redundancy in structural design to...

  56. 34.15.3
    Overstrength

    Overstrength refers to the actual strength of structural materials exceeding...

  57. 34.16
    Retrofitting And Seismic Evaluation Based On Design Earthquake

    This section discusses the importance of retrofitting and evaluating...

  58. 34.16.1
    Seismic Evaluation

    Seismic evaluation assesses existing buildings for their performance under...

  59. 34.16.2
    Retrofitting Techniques

    This section discusses various retrofitting techniques designed to enhance...

  60. 34.16.3
    Prioritization

    Prioritization in earthquake design focuses on identifying critical...

  61. 34.17
    Earthquake Design Philosophy As Per Indian Codes

    This section outlines the earthquake design philosophy as defined by Indian...

  62. 34.17.1
    Limit State Approach

    The Limit State Approach ensures structures withstand severe earthquakes...

  63. 34.17.2
    Indian Codes Referenced

    This section outlines key Indian codes relevant to earthquake design and...

  64. 34.17.3
    Design Approach Summary

    This section emphasizes the importance of using response reduction factors...

What we have learnt

  • The design earthquake encapsulates several factors including seismic intensity, site conditions, and the expected probability of occurrence.
  • Seismic hazard analysis can be deterministic or probabilistic, influencing ground motion assessment for structures.
  • Design considerations for earthquake resistance include structural ductility, soil interaction effects, and regularity in design to minimize dynamic response.

Key Concepts

-- Design Earthquake
A representation of the earthquake ground motion level that structures are designed to withstand with limited damage.
-- Seismic Hazard Analysis
Evaluation of potential seismic hazards using deterministic or probabilistic approaches to assess ground motion.
-- Design Basis Earthquake (DBE)
The ground motion level associated with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for which a structure is designed to remain operational.
-- Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE)
The most severe ground motion expected at a site, typically associated with a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years.
-- PerformanceBased Seismic Design (PBSD)
An approach that aims to design buildings to limit damage across various seismic intensities rather than just preventing collapse.

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