20.4.2. Gradual and Sudden Contractions

Try these first

1. 1.

   What type of flow is characterized by layers of fluid moving smoothly?

   Hint

   It's the opposite of turbulent flow.

2. 2.

   What does Bernoulli's equation relate?

   Hint

   Think about energy conservation.

3. 3.

   What type of flow is smooth and ordered?

   • A) Turbulent
   • B) Laminar
   • C) Transitional

   Hint

   Think about flow patterns.

4. 4.

   Bernoulli’s equation accounts for what in fluid dynamics?

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Reflect on energy in motion.

5. 5.

   Calculate the energy loss in a pipe flowing through a suddenly contracted section. The initial diameter is 4 inches and the final diameter is 2 inches with a flow velocity of 3 m/s.

   Hint

   Keep the unit conversions in mind when calculating.

6. 6.

   Explain how the type of valve (gate vs. globe) affects design decisions in a fluid piping system.

   Hint

   Consider their applications in systems.