11. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a methodology that encapsulates data and behavior into objects, providing a framework for building complex software systems. The four pillars of OOP—encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction—facilitate reusable and maintainable code design. This chapter delves into essential concepts, terminology, advanced topics, and OOP design patterns that help developers create efficient and scalable applications.
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What we have learnt
- OOP is based on the creation and manipulation of objects, which encapsulate both data and behavior.
- The four pillars of OOP are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
- Key concepts in OOP include constructors, access modifiers, and interfaces, which enhance code modularity and reusability.
Key Concepts
- -- Object
- An instance of a class containing state (attributes) and behavior (methods).
- -- Class
- A blueprint for creating objects that defines the structure and behavior of the objects created from it.
- -- Encapsulation
- The bundling of data and methods within a class and restricting access to some of the object's components.
- -- Inheritance
- A mechanism that allows a class to inherit fields and methods from another class.
- -- Polymorphism
- The ability to treat objects as instances of their parent class rather than their actual class.
- -- Abstraction
- The concept of hiding complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object.
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