10.CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION
The chapter outlines the critical processes of the cell cycle and cell division, distinguishing between mitosis and meiosis. It describes how cells replicate and divide through sequential phases, ensuring genetic continuity and variation. Key events during interphase and the stages of mitosis and meiosis are elaborated to highlight their significance in organism growth and reproduction.
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What we have learnt
- Cell division is essential for growth and reproduction in all living organisms.
- The cell cycle consists of interphase and the M phase, with specific events occurring in each.
- Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse haploid cells.
Key Concepts
- -- Cell Cycle
- The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome and divides into two daughter cells, consisting of interphase and the M phase.
- -- Mitosis
- The phase of cell division during which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.
- -- Meiosis
- A specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half to form haploid gametes, involving two rounds of division.
- -- Interphase
- The preparatory phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for mitosis.
- -- Cytokinesis
- The process that follows karyokinesis during which the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells.
- -- Karyokinesis
- The division of a cell's nucleus during cell division.
- -- Chiasmata
- The X-shaped structures formed during prophase I of meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
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