CBSE 11 Biology | 13. PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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13. PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

The chapter focuses on plant growth and development, highlighting the processes of growth, differentiation, and their interrelation. It discusses the phases of growth, the role of meristems, and the impact of environmental factors and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on plant physiology. The chapter emphasizes the significance of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in achieving optimal growth outcomes in plants.

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Sections

  • 13

    Plant Growth And Development

    This section discusses the processes of plant growth, differentiation, and development, along with the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence these processes.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.1

    Growth

    This section covers the fundamental concept of plant growth, its measurement, phases, and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing it.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.1.1

    Plant Growth Generally Is Indeterminate

    Plants exhibit indeterminate growth, facilitated by the presence of meristems, allowing for continuous addition of new cells throughout their life.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.1.2

    Growth Is Measurable

    Growth in plants is an irreversible increase measured through various parameters such as weight, length, and cell number.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.1.3

    Phases Of Growth

    Plant growth is categorized into three main phases: meristematic, elongation, and maturation, each characterized by specific cellular and structural changes.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.1.4

    Growth Rates

    Growth rate measures the increase in size or number of organisms over time, which can be classified as arithmetic or geometric.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.1.5

    Conditions For Growth

    This section discusses the essential conditions that facilitate plant growth, including water, nutrients, oxygen, temperature, and environmental signals.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.2

    Differentiation, Dedifferentiation And Redifferentiation

    This section discusses the processes of differentiation, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation in plants, highlighting their significance in plant growth and the functional specialization of cells.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.3

    Development

    Development encompasses all changes an organism undergoes from seed germination to senescence, integrating growth and differentiation.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.4

    Plant Growth Regulators

    This section discusses the characteristics, discovery, and physiological effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs), highlighting their roles in plant development and responses to environmental factors.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.4.1

    Characteristics

    Plant growth regulators are crucial small molecules that control various growth and developmental processes in plants.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.4.2

    The Discovery Of Plant Growth Regulators

    The discovery of plant growth regulators unfolded through a series of accidental findings related to plant behavior and physiology.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.4.3

    Physiological Effects Of Plant Growth Regulators

    This section discusses how various plant growth regulators (PGRs) influence plant growth, development, and physiological processes.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.4.3.1

    Auxins

    Auxins are plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating growth and developmental processes in plants.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.4.3.2

    Gibberellins

    Gibberellins are crucial plant growth regulators that promote growth, mainly by stimulating stem elongation and influencing various developmental processes.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.4.3.3

    Cytokinins

    Cytokinins are plant growth regulators that play a crucial role in promoting cell division and influencing various growth and developmental processes in plants.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.4.3.4

    Ethylene

    Ethylene is a gaseous plant growth regulator that influences various physiological processes including fruit ripening, senescence, and abscission.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.4.3.5

    Abscisic Acid

    Abscisic acid (ABA) is a crucial plant growth regulator involved in growth inhibition, stress response, and seed dormancy control.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.5

    Summary

    Growth in plants is an irreversible increase in size and complexity, influenced by both internal and external factors, including plant growth regulators.

    Learning Practice

  • 13.6

    Exercises

    This section presents exercises related to plant growth, differentiation, and development, focusing on key concepts and terms.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Growth is an irreversible i...
  • Plants have distinct phases...
  • Plant growth regulators pla...

Final Test

Revision Tests