Biomolecules

This section discusses the chemical composition, classification, and functions of biomolecules in living organisms.

How To Analyse Chemical Composition?

Chemical analysis reveals the elements and compounds in living organisms, focusing on the distinction between living and non-living matter.

Primary And Secondary Metabolites

This section discusses primary and secondary metabolites in living organisms, detailing their structures, roles, and differences.

Biomacromolecules

Biomacromolecules are large organic compounds in living organisms, including proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipids.

Proteins

Proteins are essential biomolecules composed of amino acids, playing crucial roles in various biological processes.

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates formed from long chains of monosaccharides, playing crucial roles in energy storage and structure in living organisms.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids, comprising DNA and RNA, are crucial macromolecules in living organisms, serving as the primary carriers of genetic information.

Structure Of Proteins

Proteins are complex macromolecules made of amino acids, structured at four levels, essential for various biological functions.

Enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, enhancing reaction rates and ensuring metabolic efficiency in living organisms.

Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions involve changes in substances where bonds are broken and formed.

How Do Enzymes Bring About Such High Rates Of Chemical Conversions?

Enzymes facilitate high rates of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy through substrate binding at their active sites, forming transient enzyme-substrate complexes.

Nature Of Enzyme Action

Enzymes facilitate biochemical reactions by forming active enzyme-substrate complexes that break bonds and form products.

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Enzyme activity is influenced by temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors.

Classification And Nomenclature Of Enzymes

Enzymes are classified into six main categories based on the reactions they catalyze, each assigned a four-digit number for identification.

Co-Factors

Co-factors are non-protein components necessary for the catalytic activity of enzymes.

Summary

The section summarizes the key concepts regarding the chemical composition and metabolic reactions in living organisms, highlighting their remarkable similarities despite diversity.

Exercises

This section includes various exercises to reinforce learning on biomolecules and their functions.