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5. MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

Flowering plants display a vast diversity in morphology, including variations in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The root system can be either tap or fibrous, serving functions such as water absorption and food storage. The flower, a modified shoot for sexual reproduction, can exhibit numerous structural characteristics and inflorescence types, which significantly aid in the classification and identification of plant families.

Sections

  • 5

    Morphology Of Flowering Plants

    This section explores the various structural features of flowering plants, including roots, stems, leaves, inflorescences, flowers, fruits, and seeds, emphasizing their adaptations.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.1

    The Root

    The root system of flowering plants varies significantly between dicotyledons and monocotyledons, serving essential functions such as nutrient absorption and anchorage.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2

    The Stem

    The stem is the vital part of a flowering plant that supports leaves, flowers, and fruits while conducting essential nutrients and water throughout the plant.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.3

    The Leaf

    The leaf is a vital organ of flowering plants, primarily responsible for photosynthesis, with diverse structures and arrangements.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.3.1

    Venation

    Venation refers to the arrangement of veins and veinlets in the leaf lamina, crucial for understanding leaf structure.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.3.2

    Types Of Leaves

    Leaves can be classified into simple and compound types based on their structure.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.3.3

    Phyllotaxy

    Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a stem or branch.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.4

    The Inflorescence

    Inflorescence refers to the arrangement of flowers on a floral axis, which varies depending on whether the apex develops into a flower or continues to grow.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.5

    The Flower

    The flower is the reproductive structure in angiosperms, designed for sexual reproduction and comprised of four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.5.1

    Parts Of A Flower

    This section details the four main parts of a flower, their structures, functions, and significance in flowering plants.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.6

    The Fruit

    The fruit is the mature ovary of a flowering plant, developed after fertilization, and consists mainly of the pericarp and seeds.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.7

    The Seed

    The seed develops from fertilized ovules and consists of a seed coat and embryo, with structural differences between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous seeds.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.7.1

    Structure Of A Dicotyledonous Seed

    This section covers the structure of a dicotyledonous seed, describing its key components, including the seed coat, embryo, and availability of endosperm.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.7.2

    Structure Of Monocotyledonous Seed

    Monocotyledonous seeds typically possess a membranous seed coat and a large endosperm to store food, with a single cotyledon that serves as the embryonic food source.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.8

    Semi-Technical Description Of A Typical Flowering Plant

    This section provides a framework for describing a flowering plant, detailing its morphology and floral characteristics.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.9

    Solanaceae

    The Solanaceae family, also known as the potato family, consists primarily of herbaceous plants and has significant ecological and economic importance.

    Learning

  • 5.10

    Summary

    This section provides an overview of the morphological and anatomical features of flowering plants and highlights their significance in the broader context of biology.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.11

    Exercises

    This section contains exercises designed to deepen the understanding of the morphological features and classifications of flowering plants.

    Learning Practice

References

ch-5bb.pmd.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Flowering plants have disti...
  • The structure of the flower...
  • Various vocal terms such as...

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