19. CHEMICAL COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION
Chemical coordination and integration in the human body is primarily achieved through hormones produced by various endocrine glands, which regulate metabolic processes, growth, and various physiological functions. Hormones act as intercellular messengers, and their effects are mediated through specific receptors on target cells. The chapter discusses the structure, function, and mechanisms of action for major endocrine glands and their hormones, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, along with their impact on health and disease.
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What we have learnt
- Hormones are crucial for chemical coordination and integration within the human body.
- The endocrine system is composed of various glands, each producing specific hormones that regulate different physiological processes.
- Hormonal imbalances can lead to various health conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders.
Key Concepts
- -- Endocrine Glands
- Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions.
- -- Hormones
- Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that coordinate and regulate physiological processes.
- -- Hypothalamus
- A brain region that regulates the pituitary gland and controls various bodily functions through the release of hormones.
- -- Pituitary Gland
- The master gland of the endocrine system; it regulates other glands and produces several important hormones.
- -- Glucagon
- A hormone secreted by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver.
- -- Insulin
- A hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.
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