CBSE 11 Biology | 15. BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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15. BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION

The chapter discusses the essential role of blood and lymph in transporting nutrients and waste in vertebrates. It describes the composition of blood, including plasma and formed elements, along with the mechanisms of circulation including the functions of the heart and the differences between open and closed circulatory systems. Additionally, it addresses the regulation of cardiac activity and the common disorders of the circulatory system.

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Sections

  • 15

    Body Fluids And Circulation

    This section covers the composition of blood and lymph, their functions, and the human circulatory system's structure and mechanisms.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.1

    Blood

    Blood is a vital connective tissue consisting of plasma and formed elements, crucial for nutrient transport and waste removal in living organisms.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.1.1

    Plasma

    Plasma is the liquid component of blood, accounting for 55% of its composition, which primarily consists of water, proteins, and various solutes.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.1.2

    Formed Elements

    Formed elements of blood include erythrocytes, leucocytes, and platelets, each serving essential functions in gas transport, immunity, and blood clotting.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.1.3

    Blood Groups

    Blood groups in humans are categorized primarily by the presence of specific antigens on red blood cells, notably the ABO and Rh systems.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.1.4

    Coagulation Of Blood

    Coagulation of blood is a critical mechanism that prevents excessive blood loss following injury through a series of biochemical reactions.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.2

    Lymph (Tissue Fluid)

    Lymph, also known as tissue fluid, is crucial for nutrient and waste exchange between blood and cells and plays a key role in immune function.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.3

    Circulatory Pathways

    Circulatory pathways, including open and closed systems, describe how blood is circulated in different organisms.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.3.1

    Human Circulatory System

    The human circulatory system comprises a muscular heart and closed vessels that transport blood throughout the body.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.3.2

    Cardiac Cycle

    The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in which the heart contracts and relaxes to pump blood effectively, comprising both systole and diastole phases.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.3.3

    Electrocardiograph (Ecg)

    The Electrocardiograph (ECG) is a vital diagnostic tool that records the electrical activity of the heart during a cardiac cycle, providing insight into heart function.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.4

    Double Circulation

    Double circulation refers to the distinct pathways of blood flow in the human body, consisting of pulmonary and systemic circuits.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.5

    Regulation Of Cardiac Activity

    Regulation of cardiac activity involves intrinsic mechanisms like nodal tissue and external influences through the autonomic nervous system and hormonal signals.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.6

    Disorders Of Circulatory System

    This section covers various disorders associated with the circulatory system, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina, and heart failure.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.7

    Summary

    This section summarizes the critical aspects of body fluids and circulation, particularly blood and lymph, and the function of the circulatory system.

    Learning Practice

  • 15.8

    Exercises

    This section contains a variety of exercises designed to test knowledge about blood components, circulation, and the human circulatory system.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Blood is a fluid connective...
  • The composition of blood gr...
  • The circulatory system in v...

Final Test

Revision Tests