19. Approximate LRU Implementation - Computer Organisation and Architecture - Vol 3
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19. Approximate LRU Implementation

19. Approximate LRU Implementation

This chapter delves into various page replacement algorithms used in memory management, highlighting the limitations of exact LRU and introducing approximate LRU methods such as reference bits and sampled LRU. It discusses the clock algorithm and second chance strategies while also addressing Belady's anomaly, which challenges conventional expectations regarding page fault occurrences with increased memory frames. The chapter emphasizes the importance of efficiently managing memory references to optimize system performance.

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Sections

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  1. 19.1
    Approximate Lru Implementation

    Approximate LRU implementation simplifies page replacement by using...

  2. 19.1.1
    Reference Bit Mechanism

    This section discusses the reference bit mechanism for page replacement in...

  3. 19.1.2
    Setting Reference Bits To 0

    This section discusses the implementation of page replacement strategies...

  4. 19.1.3
    Replacement Page Selection

    This section discusses page replacement strategies in operating systems,...

  5. 19.1.4
    Fifo Strategy For Replacement

    The section discusses the FIFO strategy for page replacement and its...

  6. 19.2
    Sampled Lru Implementation

    This section explains the implementation of sampled Least Recently Used...

  7. 19.2.1
    Reference Byte Mechanism

    This section discusses the Reference Byte Mechanism used in page replacement...

  8. 19.2.2
    Clearing Reference Bits

    This section discusses the implementation of page reference bits in virtual...

  9. 19.2.3
    Page Replacement Based On Reference Bytes

    This section discusses various page replacement algorithms, particularly...

  10. 19.3
    Clock Algorithm (Second Chance)

    The Clock Algorithm is a page replacement strategy that gives pages a...

  11. 19.3.1
    Operation Of The Clock Algorithm

    The Clock Algorithm is an efficient page replacement strategy that utilizes...

  12. 19.3.2
    Search Mechanism In Circular List

    This section discusses the implementation of approximate LRU through...

  13. 19.4
    Dirty Pages In Replacement

    This section discusses various page replacement strategies, particularly...

  14. 19.4.1
    Handling Dirty Pages

    This section discusses various methods for managing dirty pages in memory,...

  15. 19.4.2
    Preference For Clean Pages

    This section discusses the implementation of approximate page replacement...

  16. 19.5
    Modified Clock Replacement Algorithm

    The Modified Clock Replacement Algorithm optimizes memory page replacement...

  17. 19.5.1
    Extension With Dirty Bit

    This section discusses various page replacement algorithms, including...

  18. 19.5.2
    Replacement Strategy

    This section discusses various page replacement strategies, including...

  19. 19.6
    Page Fault Analysis

    This section discusses page fault management methods, focusing on strategies...

  20. 19.6.1
    Lifo Vs Optimal Page Replacement

    This section explores various page replacement algorithms, contrasting LIFO...

  21. 19.6.2
    Calculating Page Faults

    This section discusses methods for calculating page faults in memory...

  22. 19.7
    Belady’s Anomaly

    This section discusses Belady’s Anomaly, a counterintuitive situation where...

  23. 19.7.1
    Description Of The Anomaly

    The section discusses approximations of the Least Recently Used (LRU) page...

  24. 19.7.2
    Example Of Fifo Replacement

    The section discusses various page replacement algorithms, particularly...

What we have learnt

  • Approximate LRU uses reference bits to manage memory more efficiently than exact LRU.
  • The clock algorithm provides a second chance to recently accessed pages, improving replacement decisions.
  • Belady's anomaly illustrates that increasing memory frames can lead to more page faults, contradicting intuitive expectations.

Key Concepts

-- Approximate LRU
A memory management strategy that uses reference bits to approximate the least recently used algorithm by tracking page usage within defined intervals.
-- Clock Algorithm
A page replacement algorithm that arranges pages in a circular list and gives recently accessed pages a second chance before replacing them.
-- Belady's Anomaly
An occurrence where increasing the number of page frames results in a higher number of page faults, which is counterintuitive as one would expect fewer faults with more frames.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.