20. Belady's Anomaly - Computer Organisation and Architecture - Vol 3
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20. Belady's Anomaly

20. Belady's Anomaly

The discussion centers around page replacement strategies in memory management, particularly exploring Belady’s anomaly, which occurs when an increased number of page frames leads to more page faults. Key algorithms such as LRU (Least Recently Used) and optimal algorithms are presented, highlighting their inability to exhibit Belady’s anomaly as they adaptively manage recently accessed pages. The chapter further delves into memory allocation strategies for processes and addresses concepts like page buffering and thrashing.

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Sections

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  1. 20.1
    Belady's Anomaly

    Belady's anomaly describes a situation where increasing the number of page...

  2. 20.1.1
    Understanding Belady's Anomaly

    Belady's Anomaly illustrates the counterintuitive behavior in paging when...

  3. 20.1.2
    Example Of Page References

    Belady's anomaly illustrates how increasing the number of frames can lead to...

  4. 20.1.3
    Comparison Of Frames

    This section discusses Belady's anomaly and the characteristics of different...

  5. 20.2
    Optimal Algorithm And Lru

    This section discusses Belady's anomaly in page replacement algorithms and...

  6. 20.2.1
    Explanation Of Optimal Algorithm

    This section examines the concept of the optimal algorithm in the context of...

  7. 20.2.2
    Explanation Of Lru

    This section explains Belady’s anomaly, illustrating how the Least Recently...

  8. 20.2.3
    Why These Algorithms Avoid Belady's Anomaly

    This section explains why certain page replacement algorithms, like LRU and...

  9. 20.3
    Page Buffering

    This section explains the concept of page buffering, its significance in...

  10. 20.3.1
    Introduction To Page Buffering

    This section provides an overview of page buffering in memory management,...

  11. 20.3.2
    Replacing Pages And Maintaining Free Frames

    This section discusses Belady’s anomaly, the impact of frame allocation on...

  12. 20.3.3
    Maintaining Clean Pages In Free Frame Pool

    This section discusses Belady’s anomaly in page replacement algorithms and...

  13. 20.4
    Allocation Of Frames

    This section explores Belady’s anomaly and its implications, different frame...

  14. 20.4.1
    Frame Allocation Strategies

    This section discusses frame allocation strategies in memory management,...

  15. 20.4.2
    Fixed Allocation Scheme

    The fixed allocation scheme divides memory frames among processes evenly,...

  16. 20.4.2.1
    Description Of Fixed Allocation

    Belady’s anomaly illustrates unexpected behavior in page replacement, where...

  17. 20.4.3
    Proportional Allocation Scheme

    The proportional allocation scheme allocates memory frames to processes...

  18. 20.4.4
    Priority Based Allocation

    This section explores Belady's anomaly in page replacement algorithms and...

  19. 20.5
    Concept Of Thrashing

    Thrashing occurs when a system spends excessive time paging, resulting in...

What we have learnt

  • Belady's anomaly occurs when increasing frame numbers causes more page faults due to non-subset page references.
  • LRU and optimal algorithms effectively manage pages to avoid Belady's anomaly by keeping recently used pages accessible.
  • Different memory allocation strategies can improve memory utilization and address specific needs of processes.

Key Concepts

-- Belady’s Anomaly
A situation in which increasing the number of page frames results in an increase in the number of page faults.
-- Page Buffering
A method of keeping a pool of free frames to minimize wait times for writing dirty pages during replacement.
-- LRU Algorithm
Least Recently Used algorithm that replaces the page that has not been used for the longest period.
-- Fixed Allocation Scheme
A memory allocation method where a fixed number of frames are allocated to each process.
-- Thrashing
A condition where excessive page faults lead to decreased system performance, often due to insufficient memory.

Additional Learning Materials

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