1.3.2. Flow Distribution in Parallel Pipes

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is velocity defect?

   Hint

   Think about changes in flow speed.

2. 2.

   Describe minor losses in pipe systems.

   Hint

   Consider what happens when flow changes direction.

3. 3.

   What does the velocity defect indicate?

   • Friction loss
   • Difference in velocity
   • Pipe diameter

   Hint

   Consider what is meant by 'defect' in the context of flow.

4. 4.

   True or False: Minor losses only occur due to friction.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Think of what other components influence flow.

5. 5.

   A horizontal pipe of diameter D1 flows water at a steady rate. If you were to connect a parallel pipe of diameter D2 (D2<D1), calculate the velocity in each pipe given that the discharge remains constant.

   Hint

   Apply the principle of continuity correctly for both paths.

6. 6.

   Two parallel pipes have differing friction factors (f1 and f2). If both pipes have to maintain the same flow rate, calculate the head loss across each pipe using the Darcy-Weisbach equation.

   Hint

   Consider how discrepancies in f affect the energy balance.