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4. Examples

The chapter focuses on the principles and techniques of photogrammetry, specifically discussing aerial photography and its applications. It includes methodologies to calculate scales, relief displacement, and the use of stereo pairs for 3D elevation determination. The content is enriched with numerical examples and exercises to reinforce the theoretical concepts presented.

Sections

Examples

This section explores practical applications and calculations related to photogrammetry and aerial photography.

4 Section Overview

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4.11 Example 4.11: Relief Displacement of a Tower
4.12 Example 4.12: Height of Tower TQ Above Datum
4.13 Example 4.13: Displacement of Image of a Tower
4.14 Example 4.14: Elevation Calculation Using Parallax Differences
4.15 Example 4.15: Height of a Tree Using Parallax Difference
4.16 Example 4.16: Finding Height Above Datum and Differences in Heights
4.17 Example 4.17: Height of Point B Above Point A
Exercises for Practices

This section details various exercises aimed at reinforcing concepts in aerial photogrammetry.

4.18 Section Overview

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4.18 Short questions

This section focuses on various topics in aerial photography, including the types of aerial photographs, the relevance of base-height ratios, relief displacement, and methods of scale determination.

4.31 Long questions

This section discusses the determination of aerial photograph scales in undulating terrains and the reasons for scale variability.

4.18 Explain in types of aerial photo based on the alignment of optical axis.

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4.18.1 Section Overview

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4.19 Discuss some of the principal uses of terrestrial photogrammetry.

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4.19 Section Overview

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4.20 Draw the diagram to explain the fiducial marks.

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4.20 Section Overview

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4.21 What are the different methods of scale determination?

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4.21 Section Overview

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4.22 State any four advantages that an aerial photograph offers over ground based mapping.

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4.22 Section Overview

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4.23 What is the relevance of base-height ratio in aerial photogrammetry?

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4.23 Section Overview

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4.24 What is a relief displacement?

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4.24 Section Overview

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4.25 Define stereovision.

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4.25 Section Overview

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4.26 Draw line diagrams to see the stereo-vision from a stereo-pair.

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4.26 Section Overview

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4.27 Draw a line diagram of Parallax Bar.

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4.27 Section Overview

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4.28 What do you understand by Digital photogrammetry?

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4.28 Section Overview

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4.29 Define interior orientation in aerial photogrammetry.

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4.29 Section Overview

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4.30 What is isocentre in a tilted photograph?

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4.30 Section Overview

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4.31 Establish a relationship to determine the scale of aerial photograph in an undulating terrain.

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4.31 Section Overview

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4.32 What do you understand by relief displacement?

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4.32 Section Overview

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4.33 Briefly explain about image parallax.

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4.33 Section Overview

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4.34 Discuss the salient features of (i) Lens stereoscope, and (ii) Mirror and lens stereoscope.

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4.34 Section Overview

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4.35 Describe the base lining procedure from a stereo-pair.

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4.35 Section Overview

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4.36 Discuss the use of a Parallax Bar.

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4.36 Section Overview

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4.37 Explain in brief the concept of digital ortho-photo.

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4.37 Section Overview

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4.38 Establish a relationship to derive the scale of a tilted photograph.

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4.38 Section Overview

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Unsolved numerical questions

This section presents a series of unsolved numerical problems related to aerial photogrammetry and calculations for determining various scales and displacements.

4.39 Section Overview

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4.39 4.39 A vertical photograph is taken at an altitude of 1200 m above mean sea level.
4.40 4.40 Compute the scales of a photograph.
4.41 4.41 The length of an airport runway is 160 mm on a vertical photograph.
4.42 4.42 A camera with a focal length of 152.35 mm.
4.43 4.43 A vertical aerial photograph was taken from a flying height of 1385 m above datum.
4.44 4.44 The distance measured between two points on a map is 2 cm.
4.45 4.45 A road segment of length 1 km measures 6 cm on a vertical photograph.
4.46 4.46 If the length covered by each photograph is 1.5 km.
4.47 4.47 A rectangular area 130 km x 120 km.
4.48 4.48 If the height of a tower is 50 m.
4.49 4.49 On an aerial photograph taken at an altitude of 1500 m.
4.50 4.50 An overlapping pair of vertical photographs taken with a 152.4 mm focal length camera.
4.51 4.51 A vertical photograph taken from 535 m above msl.
References and Suggested Readings

This section lists crucial references and resources that support the study material on aerial photography and photogrammetry.

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Learning Objectives

  • Aerial photography involves different types and uses in photogrammetry.

  • Relief displacement is a critical concept that depends on various factors, including the elevation of photography.

  • The scale of an aerial photograph can change based on terrain variability, requiring precise calculations.

Key Concepts

Aerial Photography

The practice of taking photographs from an aircraft or other flying object, used in mapping and spatial analysis.

Relief Displacement

The apparent displacement of an object on a photograph in relation to its true position, influenced by the object's height above the datum.

Scale

The ratio of a distance on a map or photograph to the corresponding distance on the ground, which can vary based on terrain.

Stereovision

The perception of depth produced by the brain when viewing two slightly different images from different angles, as seen in stereo pairs.

Practice Exercises

Total Questions

2

Estimated Time

4 min

Passing Score

70%

Instructions

  • Read each question carefully
  • You can use hints if you need help
  • Complete all questions before submitting

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