Egnos, Europe

EGNOS is Europe's Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS), enhancing the accuracy and reliability of GNSS services across the continent.

Gagan, India

GAGAN is India's GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation system, developed to enhance navigational services across Indian airspace and beyond.

Sdcm, Russia

The System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring (SDCM) is a satellite-based augmentation system being developed in Russia to enhance the accuracy and reliability of GNSS.

Accuracy Of Gnss Observations

Accuracy in GNSS observations is influenced by measurement errors and satellite geometry.

Factors Determining Accuracy

This section explores the various factors influencing the accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as errors in range measurement and satellite geometry.

Achievable Accuracies

This section discusses the achievable accuracies of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and their importance in various applications.

Errors In Gnss Observations

This section discusses various errors impacting the accuracy of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) observations, including satellite signal blockage, environmental factors, and device-related issues.

Sources Of Gnss Errors

This section outlines various sources of errors impacting Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) accuracy.

Table Of Gps Error Budget

This section outlines the various sources of errors that impact GNSS observations, detailing their specific magnitudes and categorizing them according to types.

Applications Of Gnss Technology

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology has diverse applications across various sectors, enhancing navigation, accuracy, and efficiency.

Surveying And Mapping

This section discusses the application of GNSS technology in surveying and mapping, highlighting its significance in improving accuracy, efficiency, and reliability in data collection.

Navigation

This section covers advanced navigation systems such as EGNOS, GAGAN, and SDCM, which enhance GNSS accuracy for various applications.

Robotics

Robotics employs Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for navigation and positioning across diverse fields.

Road Traffic Congestion

This section discusses how GNSS technology aids in alleviating road traffic congestion through real-time traffic data and alternative routing.

Fleet Tracking

Fleet tracking uses GNSS technology to monitor and manage the real-time location of vehicles.

Tectonics

This section discusses the applications of GNSS technology in measuring tectonic movements, earthquake activity, and related geological phenomena.

Agriculture

This section highlights the applications of GNSS technology in agriculture, particularly precision farming.

Forest

This section discusses the applications of GNSS technology in forest management, emphasizing its role in addressing deforestation and improving efficiency in tree planting.

Defense

This section discusses the application of GNSS technology in defense, highlighting its operational significance for military forces.

Geo-Fencing

Geo-fencing utilizes GNSS technology to create virtual boundaries, alerting users when tracked objects enter or exit these predefined zones.

Anti-Collision Device

The anti-collision device uses GNSS technology to provide critical warnings to prevent collisions in railways and airways.

Mining

This section discusses the significant advancements in mining operations achieved through the integration of GNSS technology.

Disaster Relief

GNSS technology plays a crucial role in disaster relief by providing real-time location data to facilitate effective rescue operations.

Fishing

This section discusses the utilization of GNSS technology in fishing activities, enhancing navigation and operational efficiency.

Astronomy

This section discusses the applications of GNSS technology in astronomy.

Unit Summary

This unit covers modern surveying equipment, specifically focusing on EDM, Total Station, and GNSS technologies, their principles, and applications.

Exercises For Practice

This section presents a variety of exercises aimed at reinforcing key concepts of surveying and GNSS technology.

Short Questions

This section contains short questions related to surveying techniques and GNSS technology.

Long Questions

This section discusses various GNSS augmentation systems and their significance, along with factors affecting GNSS accuracy and its applications in diverse fields.

Unsolved Numerical Question

This section presents a practical numerical problem related to measuring distances using EDM and theodolite.

References And Suggested Reading