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4. Photogrammetry Surveying

4. Photogrammetry Surveying

Photogrammetry is defined as the art, science, and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and their environment through photographic images. The chapter covers historical developments, types of aerial photographs, applications, advantages, disadvantages, and technical terms essential to the field. It emphasizes the importance of photogrammetry in mapping and modeling, utilizing both traditional and modern techniques involving digital photography and LiDAR.

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  1. 4
    Photogrammetry Surveying

    This section explores photogrammetry surveying, including its techniques,...

  2. 4.1
    Introduction

    This section introduces photogrammetry, defining it as the technology for...

  3. 4.2
    Historical Developments

    This section covers the historical milestones of photogrammetry, from its...

  4. 4.3
    Types Of Aerial Photographs

    The section outlines the main types of aerial photographs used in...

  5. 4.3.1
    Aerial Photographs

    This section covers the types of aerial photographs, their classifications,...

  6. 4.3.1.1
    Vertical Aerial Photographs

    This section covers the characteristics and importance of vertical aerial...

  7. 4.3.1.2
    Tilted Photographs

    Tilted photographs are aerial images captured with the camera axis deviating...

  8. 4.3.1.2.1
    Low Oblique Photographs

    This section details low oblique photographs used in aerial photogrammetry,...

  9. 4.3.1.2.2
    High Oblique Photographs

    This section defines high oblique photographs in photogrammetry, emphasizing...

  10. 4.3.2
    Terrestrial Or Close-Range Photographs

    This section details terrestrial or close-range photographs, emphasizing...

  11. 4.4
    Applications Of Photogrammetry

    Photogrammetry is widely applied in mapping, geology, forestry, agriculture,...

  12. 4.5
    Advantages And Disadvantages Of Photogrammetry

    Photogrammetry offers numerous advantages for data collection, but it also...

  13. 4.5.1

    This section outlines the various advantages of photogrammetry, emphasizing...

  14. 4.5.2
    Disadvantages

    This section outlines the disadvantages associated with photogrammetry,...

  15. 4.6
    Comparison Of Aerial Photograph With Map

    This section discusses the differences between aerial photographs and maps,...

  16. 4.7
    Flight Planning

    Flight planning is essential for the successful acquisition of aerial...

  17. 4.8
    Technical Terms In Aerial Photogrammetry

    This section outlines key technical terms used in aerial photogrammetry,...

  18. 4.8.1
    Exposure Station

    The exposure station refers to the specific location of an aircraft during...

  19. 4.8.2
    Air-Base Or Camera Base

    This section describes the concept of air-base or camera base in aerial...

  20. 4.8.3
    Perspective Centre

    The perspective centre in aerial photogrammetry is crucial for understanding...

  21. 4.8.4
    Perspective (Central) Projection

    Perspective projection forms the basis of aerial photographs, where the...

  22. 4.8.5

    This section discusses the concept of flight lines in aerial photogrammetry,...

  23. 4.8.6
    Flight Strip

    The flight strip refers to the corridor covered by each flight line during...

  24. 4.8.7
    Strip Of Photographs

    This section explores the concept of a strip of photographs in aerial...

  25. 4.8.8
    Total Number Of Photographs

    This section explains how to determine the total number of photographs used...

  26. 4.8.9
    Flying Height

    Flying height is a critical parameter in aerial photogrammetry, determining...

  27. 4.8.10

    The plumb line is a critical concept in aerial photogrammetry that indicates...

  28. 4.8.11

    The section discusses the concept of camera axis in aerial photogrammetry,...

  29. 4.8.12
    Focal Length

    This section discusses focal length in the context of photogrammetry,...

  30. 4.8.13
    Ground Nadir

    The ground nadir refers to the vertical point on the ground directly...

  31. 4.8.14
    Fiducial Marks

    Fiducial marks are critical reference points on aerial photographs used for...

  32. 4.8.15
    Fiducial Axes

    The section discusses fiducial marks and fiducial axes in aerial...

  33. 4.8.16
    Principal Point (Pp)

    This section describes the principal point (PP) in photogrammetry as a key...

  34. 4.8.17
    Conjugate Principal Point (Cpp)

    The Conjugate Principal Point (CPP) is essential in photogrammetry, defined...

  35. 4.8.18
    Photograph Centre

    The photograph centre is a fundamental concept in photogrammetry, marking...

  36. 4.8.19
    Photographic Nadir

    The concept of photographic nadir is crucial in understanding aerial...

  37. 4.8.20

    This section introduces the concept of overlap in aerial photogrammetry,...

  38. 4.8.21

    Superlap refers to the common overlap region between three successive aerial...

  39. 4.8.22

    The section discusses the concept of a mosaic in photogrammetry, detailing...

  40. 4.8.23

    This section explores the concept of stereo-pairs in photogrammetry,...

  41. 4.8.24
    Stereo-Model

    The stereo-model technique utilizes overlapping aerial photographs to create...

  42. 4.8.25

    The concept of parallax is crucial in photogrammetry as it involves the...

  43. 4.8.26
    Floating Mark

    The floating mark is a reference point used in photogrammetry to assist in...

  44. 4.8.27

    This section covers the determination of scale in aerial photographs and how...

  45. 4.8.28
    Photo-Interpretation

    This section introduces the concept of photo-interpretation, focusing on how...

  46. 4.8.29
    Control Points

    The section on control points discusses their critical role in...

  47. 4.8.30
    Orthogonal Projection

    Orthogonal projection is a mapping technique that simplifies the...

  48. 4.8.31
    Ortho-Photos

    This section discusses ortho-photos, their significance in photogrammetry,...

  49. 4.8.32
    Angle Of Tilt

    This section explains the angle of tilt in aerial photogrammetry, describing...

  50. 4.8.33

    The isocentre is a pivotal point in tilted photographs where the bisector of...

  51. 4.8.34
    Principal Line

    This section discusses the definition and significance of the principal line...

  52. 4.8.35
    Principal Plane

    The principal plane refers to crucial concepts related to aerial...

  53. 4.8.36

    The azimuth is defined as the horizontal angle measured clockwise from a...

  54. 4.8.37

    This section provides an overview of the concept of 'swing' in aerial...

  55. 4.8.38
    Tilt Displacement

    Tilt displacement refers to the outward or inward movement of images in...

  56. 4.9
    Scale Of A Vertical Photograph

    This section explains the concept of scale in vertical photographs,...

What we have learnt

  • Photogrammetry is a discipline that combines various technologies for obtaining, measuring, and interpreting photographic images.
  • The chapter outlines critical technical terms and methods involved in aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry.
  • Applications of photogrammetry extend across multiple fields such as mapping, geospatial analysis, agriculture, and medicine.

Key Concepts

-- Photogrammetry
The art, science, and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through processes of recording, measuring, and interpreting photographic images.
-- Vertical Aerial Photographs
Aerial photographs taken with the camera axis positioned vertically or nearly vertically, essential for accurate measurements.
-- Tilted Photographs
Aerial photographs taken with the camera tilted more than 3° from the vertical, which may be classified into low and high oblique photographs.
-- Digital Photogrammetry
The phase of photogrammetry where digital images are processed using computer software to produce outcomes like Digital Elevation Models.
-- LiDAR
Light Detection and Ranging, a technology that uses laser light to measure distances and create detailed three-dimensional models of the Earth's surface.

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