CBSE 11 Chemistry Part 1 | 4. CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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4. CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

4. CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

This chapter delves into the principles of chemical bonding, exploring the Kössel-Lewis approach, the octet rule, covalent bonding, VSEPR theory, valence bond theory, and molecular orbital theory. Important concepts such as hybridization, resonance, and hydrogen bonding are also discussed, providing a comprehensive understanding of how atoms combine to form molecules and the resulting molecular geometries.

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  1. 4
    Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure

    This section discusses the theories of chemical bonding, including the...

  2. 4.1
    Kössel-Lewis Approach To Chemical Bonding

    The Kössel-Lewis approach offers foundational insights into chemical...

  3. 4.1.1

    The Octet Rule explains how atoms achieve stability by having eight valence...

  4. 4.1.2
    Covalent Bond

    Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electron pairs between atoms,...

  5. 4.1.3
    Lewis Representation Of Simple Molecules (The Lewis Structures)

    This section explains the concept of Lewis structures, detailing how to...

  6. 4.1.4
    Formal Charge

    The formal charge concept allows for the assessment of electron distribution...

  7. 4.1.5
    Limitations Of The Octet Rule

    The octet rule, while helpful for understanding chemical bonding, has...

  8. 4.2
    Ionic Or Electrovalent Bond

    This section explores the formation of ionic or electrovalent bonds,...

  9. 4.2.1
    Lattice Enthalpy

    Lattice enthalpy is the energy needed to separate one mole of an ionic...

  10. 4.3
    Bond Parameters

    This section discusses the essential bond parameters including bond length,...

  11. 4.3.1
    Bond Length

    Bond length is the equilibrium distance between the nuclei of bonded atoms,...

  12. 4.3.2

    The bond angle is the angle formed between bonding orbitals around a central...

  13. 4.3.3
    Bond Enthalpy

    Bond enthalpy is the energy required to break one mole of a particular bond...

  14. 4.3.4

    Bond order provides a quantitative measure of the strength of a bond based...

  15. 4.3.5
    Resonance Structures

    Resonance structures are multiple Lewis structures used to represent a...

  16. 4.3.6
    Polarity Of Bonds

    This section explores the concepts of bond polarity, explaining the...

  17. 4.4
    The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (Vsepr) Theory

    The VSEPR theory provides a framework for predicting molecular geometries...

  18. 4.5
    Valence Bond Theory

    Valence Bond Theory explains the formation of covalent bonds through orbital...

  19. 4.5.1
    Orbital Overlap Concept

    The orbital overlap concept explains the formation and strength of covalent...

  20. 4.5.2
    Directional Properties Of Bonds

    The section explains how the geometry and shape of molecules are influenced...

  21. 4.5.3
    Overlapping Of Atomic Orbitals

    This section discusses the overlapping of atomic orbitals as a crucial...

  22. 4.5.4
    Types Of Overlapping And Nature Of Covalent Bonds

    This section discusses the types of overlapping in covalent bonds,...

  23. 4.5.5
    Strength Of Sigma And Pi Bonds

    This section discusses the formation and strength differences between sigma...

  24. 4.6
    Hybridisation

    This section explains the concept of hybridization, introducing its...

  25. 4.6.1
    Types Of Hybridisation

    This section discusses the different types of hybridization, focusing on how...

  26. 4.6.2
    Other Examples Of Sp3, Sp2 And Sp Hybridisation

    This section discusses hybridisation concepts within the context of specific...

  27. 4.6.3
    Hybridisation Of Elements Involving D Orbitals

    This section discusses the hybridization of elements that involve d...

  28. 4.7
    Molecular Orbital Theory

    Molecular Orbital Theory describes how atomic orbitals combine to form...

  29. 4.7.1
    Formation Of Molecular Orbitals Linear Combination Of Atomic Orbitals (Lcao)

    Molecular orbitals are formed from the linear combination of atomic...

  30. 4.7.2
    Conditions For The Combination Of Atomic Orbitals

    The section discusses the necessary conditions for atomic orbitals to...

  31. 4.7.3
    Types Of Molecular Orbitals

    The section discusses the classification and formation of molecular orbitals...

  32. 4.7.4
    Energy Level Diagram For Molecular Orbitals

    This section covers the formation and energy levels of molecular orbitals...

  33. 4.7.5
    Electronic Configuration And Molecular Behaviour

    This section explores the relationship between electronic configuration and...

  34. 4.8
    Bonding In Some Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

    This section explores the bonding mechanisms in homonuclear diatomic...

  35. 4.9
    Hydrogen Bonding

    This section introduces hydrogen bonding, its formation, and its...

  36. 4.9.1
    Cause Of Formation Of Hydrogen Bond

    The hydrogen bond forms due to the electropositive nature of hydrogen when...

  37. 4.9.2
    Types Of H-Bonds

    Hydrogen bonds form between highly electronegative atoms or within...

  38. 4.10

    The section discusses the formation of ions and chemical bonds, including...

  39. 4.11

    This section contains exercises aimed at consolidating knowledge related to...

What we have learnt

  • Chemical bonding is essential for the formation of stable molecules and compounds.
  • The octet rule serves as a guideline for predicting how atoms combine based on achieving a stable electronic configuration.
  • Various theories like VSEPR, valence bond, and molecular orbital theory provide frameworks for understanding molecular geometry and bonding.

Key Concepts

-- KösselLewis Approach
A method for explaining chemical bonding based on electron transfer and the stable octet configuration of noble gases.
-- Octet Rule
A postulate that suggests atoms tend to combine in a way that gives them eight electrons in their valence shell, achieving stability.
-- Hybridization
The process of combining atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons in chemical bonding.
-- VSEPR Theory
A theory used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs.
-- Resonance
The concept that certain molecules cannot be adequately described by a single Lewis structure and instead are represented by multiple structures.
-- Hydrogen Bonding
An attractive interaction between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Additional Learning Materials

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