CBSE 11 Chemistry Part 1 | 6. Equilibrium by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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6. Equilibrium

6. Equilibrium

Chemical equilibria are essential in biological and environmental processes, influencing reactions and substance interactions. The dynamic nature of equilibrium involves continuous particle exchange, leading to a constant vapor pressure in closed systems. Understanding the law of equilibrium, factors affecting it, and concepts like ionization are crucial for grasping the behavior of acids, bases, and salts in various reactions.

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  1. 6

    Chemical equilibria play a vital role in biological and environmental...

  2. 6.1
    Equilibrium In Physical Process

    This section explores the dynamic nature of equilibrium in physical...

  3. 6.1.1
    Solid- Liquid Equilibrium

    This section discusses the concept of solid-liquid equilibrium, highlighting...

  4. 6.1.2
    Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium

    This section discusses the concept of liquid-vapour equilibrium, explaining...

  5. 6.1.3
    Solid – Vapour Equilibrium

    This section discusses the equilibrium established between solid and vapor...

  6. 6.1.4
    Equilibrium Involving Dissolution Of Solid Or Gases In Liquids

    This section discusses the dynamic equilibrium established during the...

  7. 6.1.5
    General Characteristics Of Equilibria Involving Physical Processes

    This section outlines the dynamic nature of equilibria in physical...

  8. 6.2
    Equilibrium In Chemical Processes – Dynamic Equilibrium

    The concept of dynamic chemical equilibrium describes the state where the...

  9. 6.3
    Law Of Chemical Equilibrium And Equilibrium Constant

    This section explores the concept of chemical equilibrium, including the...

  10. 6.4
    Homogeneous Equilibria

    This section covers the fundamental principles of homogeneous equilibria,...

  11. 6.4.1
    Equilibrium Constant In Gaseous Systems

    This section discusses the concept of equilibrium constants in gaseous...

  12. 6.5
    Heterogeneous Equilibria

    Heterogeneous equilibria occur in systems with multiple phases, such as...

  13. 6.6
    Applications Of Equilibrium Constants

    The section discusses the significance of equilibrium constants in...

  14. 6.6.1
    Predicting The Extent Of A Reaction

    This section discusses how to predict the extent of a chemical reaction...

  15. 6.6.2
    Predicting The Direction Of The Reaction

    This section discusses predicting the direction of chemical reactions using...

  16. 6.6.3
    Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

    This section discusses the methods to calculate the equilibrium...

  17. 6.7
    Relationship Between Equilibrium Constant K, Reaction Quotient Q And Gibbs Energy G

    This section explores the relationship between the equilibrium constant (K),...

  18. 6.8
    Factors Affecting Equilibria

    This section discusses the various factors that can influence the...

  19. 6.8.1
    Effect Of Concentration Change

    This section discusses the impact of changing the concentration of reactants...

  20. 6.8.2
    Effect Of Pressure Change

    This section discusses how changes in pressure affect the position of...

  21. 6.8.3
    Effect Of Inert Gas Addition

    The addition of inert gases to a system at equilibrium does not disturb the...

  22. 6.8.4
    Effect Of Temperature Change

    This section discusses how temperature changes affect the equilibrium state...

  23. 6.8.5
    Effect Of A Catalyst

    A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction without affecting the...

  24. 6.9
    Ionic Equilibrium In Solution

    This section discusses ionic equilibrium in solutions, focusing on...

  25. 6.10
    Acids, Bases And Salts

    This section discusses the properties and roles of acids, bases, and salts...

  26. 6.10.1
    Arrhenius Concept Of Acids And Bases

    The Arrhenius concept defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions...

  27. 6.10.2
    The Brönsted- Lowry Acids And Bases

    The Brönsted-Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton...

  28. 6.10.3
    Lewis Acids And Bases

    This section introduces the concepts of Lewis acids and bases, defining...

  29. 6.11
    Ionization Of Adids And Bases

    This section discusses the ionization of acids and bases, highlighting the...

  30. 6.11.1
    The Ionization Constant Of Water And Its Ionic Product

    This section discusses the ionization constant of water (Kw) and its...

  31. 6.11.2
    The Ph Scale

    The pH scale is a logarithmic scale used to quantify the acidity or...

  32. 6.11.3
    Ionization Constants Of Weak Acids

    This section discusses the ionization constants (Ka) of weak acids, their...

  33. 6.11.4
    Ionization Of Weak Bases

    The section explores the ionization of weak bases in aqueous solutions,...

  34. 6.11.5
    Relation Between Ka And Kb

    The section discusses the relationship between the acid dissociation...

  35. 6.11.6
    Di- And Polybasic Acids And Di- And Polyacidic Bases

    This section discusses the characteristics and ionization of di- and...

  36. 6.11.7
    Factors Affecting Acid Strength

    The strength of an acid depends on several factors, including the bond...

  37. 6.11.8
    Common Ion Effect In The Ionization Of Acids And Base

    The common ion effect describes the reduction in solubility of an ionic...

  38. 6.11.9
    Hydrolysis Of Salts And The Ph Of Their Solutions

    This section discusses how salts formed from acids and bases undergo...

  39. 6.12
    Buffer Solutions

    Buffer solutions are important in maintaining pH stability in biological and...

  40. 6.12.1
    Designing Buffewr Solution

    This section discusses the principles of designing buffer solutions using...

  41. 6.13
    Solubility Equilibria Of Sparingly Soluble Salts

    This section discusses the solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts,...

  42. 6.13.1
    Solubility Product Constant

    This section discusses the solubility product constant (Ksp) of sparingly...

  43. 6.13.2
    Common Ion Effect On Solubility Of Ionic Salts

    The common ion effect describes how the solubility of an ionic salt...

  44. 6.14

    This section contains a variety of exercises designed to evaluate...

  45. 6.15

    This section discusses the concept of chemical equilibrium, emphasizing its...

What we have learnt

  • Equilibrium is dynamic with equal rates of forward and reverse reactions.
  • Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp) express the relationship between product and reactant concentrations.
  • Bufffer solutions resist pH changes and are vital in physiological and industrial contexts.

Key Concepts

-- Dynamic Equilibrium
A state of balance in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, leading to stable concentrations of reactants and products.
-- Equilibrium Constant (Kc)
A numerical value that represents the ratio of the concentration of products to reactants at equilibrium in a chemical reaction.
-- Le Chatelier’s Principle
This principle states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will adjust itself to counteract the change and restore a new equilibrium.

Additional Learning Materials

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