6. Equilibrium
Chemical equilibria are essential in biological and environmental processes, influencing reactions and substance interactions. The dynamic nature of equilibrium involves continuous particle exchange, leading to a constant vapor pressure in closed systems. Understanding the law of equilibrium, factors affecting it, and concepts like ionization are crucial for grasping the behavior of acids, bases, and salts in various reactions.
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What we have learnt
- Equilibrium is dynamic with equal rates of forward and reverse reactions.
- Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp) express the relationship between product and reactant concentrations.
- Bufffer solutions resist pH changes and are vital in physiological and industrial contexts.
Key Concepts
- -- Dynamic Equilibrium
- A state of balance in which the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, leading to stable concentrations of reactants and products.
- -- Equilibrium Constant (Kc)
- A numerical value that represents the ratio of the concentration of products to reactants at equilibrium in a chemical reaction.
- -- Le Chatelier’s Principle
- This principle states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will adjust itself to counteract the change and restore a new equilibrium.
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