25.5.1. Mass Conservation

Try these first

1. 1.

   What do we call the line that represents the hydraulic gradient in open channel flow?

   Hint

   Consider how it relates to liquid's free surface.

2. 2.

   What happens to pressure in a pipe when it exits into the atmosphere?

   Hint

   Think about the flow exit point.

3. 3.

   What does the hydraulic gradient line indicate in open channel flow?

   • It indicates pressure levels
   • It shows potential energy levels
   • It measures velocity

   Hint

   Think about how it relates to the free surface.

4. 4.

   True or False: A turbine increases pressure in a fluid.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider the function of turbines.

5. 5.

   A fluid of density 800 kg/m³ flows through a horizontal venturi pipe with a diameter decreasing from 0.1m to 0.05m. The difference in pressure between the wide and narrow sections is 3000 Pa. Calculate the flow velocity in the narrow section.

   Hint

   Ensure the area ratios and pressure differences are correctly applied.

6. 6.

   Describe a practical scenario where the principles of mass conservation apply, including real-world data and relevant calculations.

   Hint

   Review the principles of fluid dynamics relative to urban infrastructure.