25.4.4. Sudden Enlargement of Pipeline

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is a hydraulic gradient line?

   Hint

   Think about the pressure and elevation of the fluid.

2. 2.

   What does a pitot tube measure?

   Hint

   Consider how we assess flow speed in a pipe.

3. 3.

   What does the hydraulic gradient line coincide with in a pipe flow?

   • Atmospheric pressure
   • Fluid velocity
   • Fluid elevation

   Hint

   Where does the flow exit in a pipe system?

4. 4.

   True or False: The energy gradient line decreases steadily due to energy losses.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Think about how energy dissipates in fluid motion.

5. 5.

   In a long pipeline with a sudden enlargement from 150mm to 300mm diameter, water flows at 2m/s and creates turbulence. Calculate the pressure loss due to this enlargement and discuss how to reduce it.

   Hint

   Focus on diameter ratio and initial versus final velocities.

6. 6.

   A pump elevates water from a reservoir to a storage tank 30m higher. If the pump is 85% efficient and the motor input is 10kW, calculate the flow rate to the tank based on the pump characteristics.

   Hint

   Use the given height and efficiency to find usable power.