Professional Courses
Industry-relevant training in Business, Technology, and Design to help professionals and graduates upskill for real-world careers.
Categories
Interactive Games
Fun, engaging games to boost memory, math fluency, typing speed, and English skillsβperfect for learners of all ages.
Typing
Memory
Math
English Adventures
Knowledge
Enroll to start learning
Youβve not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.
Interactive Audio Lesson
Listen to a student-teacher conversation explaining the topic in a relatable way.
Introduction to Properties
Unlock Audio Lesson
Signup and Enroll to the course for listening the Audio Lesson
Today, weβre going to distinguish between extensive and intensive properties. Can anyone tell me what an extensive property is?
Isn't that something like mass or volume that changes with the amount of substance?
Exactly! Extensive properties like mass and volume depend on how much matter is present. What about intensive properties?
Intensive properties don't change even if you change the amount of substance, like temperature or pressure.
Great job! So, remember the acronym 'INT' for Intensive to help you associate it with properties that remain the same regardless of size.
So if I have a large bottle of water and a small cup, the density would be the same for both, right?
Correct! Thatβs a perfect example, and density is indeed an intensive property.
To summarize, extensive properties depend on the quantity of matter, while intensive properties remain consistent regardless of quantity.
Applications of Extensive and Intensive Properties
Unlock Audio Lesson
Signup and Enroll to the course for listening the Audio Lesson
Letβs talk about how these properties apply in our daily lives. Can anyone provide an example of extensive properties?
The amount of water in a swimming pool! It would be the total volume of water.
Absolutely! Now, think about intensive properties. Why are they important?
They can help identify substances, since things like boiling point or melting point don't change.
Exactly! Additionally, knowing properties like density can help chemists distinguish between substances. That leads us to remember: **'NO SIZE, NO SHAPE'** β Intensive properties remain constant.
Examples and Practice
Unlock Audio Lesson
Signup and Enroll to the course for listening the Audio Lesson
Let's go through some examples. I want each of you to tell me if the property is extensive or intensive. How about boiling point?
Thatβs intensive, since it doesnβt matter how much liquid you have, it boils at the same temperature.
Good! What about the heat capacity of a substance?
Thatβs extensive. It changes with the amount of substance!
Exactly, well done! Remember, heat capacity increases with volume.
Introduction & Overview
Read a summary of the section's main ideas. Choose from Basic, Medium, or Detailed.
Quick Overview
Standard
Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter present in a system, while intensive properties, like temperature and pressure, do not. Understanding these differences is crucial in the study of thermodynamic systems.
Detailed
Extensive and Intensive Properties
In thermodynamics, a distinction is made between extensive properties and intensive properties. An extensive property is a property whose value depends on the quantity or size of matter present in the system. Examples include mass, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity. Conversely, intensive properties are properties that do not depend on the quantity or size of matter present; examples include temperature, density, and pressure.
Understanding whether a property is extensive or intensive is fundamental for analyzing thermodynamic systems. For instance, if you have a gas in a container and partition it into two equal volumes, the temperature remains constant for both halves (an intensive property), while the overall volume is halved (an extensive property). Such distinctions allow thermodynamics to provide a framework for understanding chemical reactions and phase changes.
Youtube Videos
Audio Book
Dive deep into the subject with an immersive audiobook experience.
Definition of Extensive Properties
Unlock Audio Book
Signup and Enroll to the course for listening the Audio Book
An extensive property is a property whose value depends on the quantity or size of matter present in the system. For example, mass, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, etc. are extensive properties.
Detailed Explanation
Extensive properties are those that change when the amount of substance in a system changes. For instance, if you have 2 liters of water, the mass and volume are both considerable. If you increase the amount of water to 4 liters, both the mass and volume will double. Therefore, extensive properties are directly proportional to the size or amount of material in the system.
Examples & Analogies
Think of an extensive property like a pizza β the more pizza you have (more mass and volume), the larger the area it covers. If you had one slice of pizza, it takes up less space and has less mass than if you had the whole pizza.
Definition of Intensive Properties
Unlock Audio Book
Signup and Enroll to the course for listening the Audio Book
Those properties which do not depend on the quantity or size of matter present are known as intensive properties. For example temperature, density, pressure etc. are intensive properties.
Detailed Explanation
Intensive properties remain the same regardless of how much substance you have. For instance, if you have a cup of water at 25Β°C and another cup of water at 25Β°C, both maintain the same temperature regardless of their volumes. Even if you combined them into one larger container, the temperature stays constant at 25Β°C.
Examples & Analogies
Consider temperature similar to color in paint. Whether you have a small sample of red paint or a large bucket, the color remains red. Similarly, the temperature of water remains the same no matter how much water you have.
Molar Properties
Unlock Audio Book
Signup and Enroll to the course for listening the Audio Book
A molar property, Οm, is the value of an extensive property Ο of the system for 1 mol of the substance. If n is the amount of matter, Vm and Cm are examples.
Detailed Explanation
Molar properties help us understand how extensive properties relate to a standard quantity, specifically one mole of a substance. For example, molar volume (Vm) is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance, while molar heat capacity (Cm) is the heat capacity per mole. This standardization helps scientists compare properties across different substances effectively.
Examples & Analogies
Think about it like measuring ingredients for a recipe. If a recipe calls for 1 cup of sugar for 1 cake, that's a property of sugar per cake. If you were to make 5 cakes, you would need 5 cups of sugar, showing how extensive properties scale with quantity.
Relationship Between Extensive and Intensive Properties
Unlock Audio Book
Signup and Enroll to the course for listening the Audio Book
Let us understand the distinction between extensive and intensive properties by considering a gas enclosed in a container of volume V and at temperature T. Let us make a partition such that volume is halved, each part now has one half of the original volume, V/2, but the temperature will still remain the same i.e., T.
Detailed Explanation
The behavior of gas demonstrates the clear distinction between extensive and intensive properties. By halving the volume with a partition, while the extensive property of volume gets divided, the intensive property of temperature remains constant. This illustrates the fundamental difference: intensive properties maintain their values regardless of the sample size.
Examples & Analogies
Imagine a thermometer filled with a liquid. No matter how large or small the container of liquid is, the temperature reading on the thermometer is independent of the amount of liquid. This is similar to how temperature behaves in gases partitioned in a container.
Definitions & Key Concepts
Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.
Key Concepts
-
Extensive Properties: Properties that depend on the amount of matter present in a system.
-
Intensive Properties: Properties that do not change regardless of the amount of substance present.
Examples & Real-Life Applications
See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.
Examples
-
Mass and volume are examples of extensive properties.
-
Temperature and density are examples of intensive properties.
Memory Aids
Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.
π΅ Rhymes Time
-
Extensive means a lot, like a plot, it grows with size; Intensive stays the same, like calm skies.
π Fascinating Stories
-
Imagine you fill a large pot and a small cup with water. The cup is just the same temperature whether it's full or half. Remember, while water's volume changes, its temperature remains.
π§ Other Memory Gems
-
For Intensive properties, remember 'I Stay Constant.'
π― Super Acronyms
I for Intensive, E for Extensive
- Intensive properties don't budge
- while Extensive properties grow with size.
Flash Cards
Review key concepts with flashcards.
Glossary of Terms
Review the Definitions for terms.
-
Term: Extensive Property
Definition:
A property that depends on the quantity of matter present, such as mass or volume.
-
Term: Intensive Property
Definition:
A property that does not depend on the amount of substance, such as temperature or pressure.