15.3.3. Alternative Depths

Try these first

1. 1.

   What does Froude number indicate in open channel flow?

   Hint

   Think about the definitions of types of flow.

2. 2.

   Define hydraulic jump.

   Hint

   Consider the changes in flow conditions.

3. 3.

   What condition defines supercritical flow?

   • A flow speed less than wave speed
   • A flow speed equal to wave speed
   • A flow speed greater than wave speed

   Hint

   Remember the definitions of the three flow types.

4. 4.

   True or False: Hydraulic jumps always signify an increase in flow energy.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider what jumps indicate about flow stability.

5. 5.

   A river has a speed of 3 m/s and a depth of 2 m. Calculate the Froude number and determine the flow type.

   Hint

   Substitute values carefully into the formula.

6. 6.

   Design a channel that effectively utilizes alternate depths to optimize flow efficiency for a given discharge rate of 500 m³/s. What considerations should you include?

   Hint

   Reflect on the implications of different flow velocities.